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<article article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.3" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xml:lang="ru"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">neurojour</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="ru">Неврологический журнал имени Л.О. Бадаляна</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>L.O. Badalyan Neurological Journal</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn pub-type="ppub">2686-8997</issn><issn pub-type="epub">2712-794X</issn><publisher><publisher-name>ФГАУ «НМИЦ здоровья детей» Минздрава России</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.46563/2686-8997-2020-1-3-177-187</article-id><article-id custom-type="elpub" pub-id-type="custom">neurojour-6</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>ЛЕКЦИИ</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>LECTURES</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title>Головные боли у детей: клиническая лекция</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Headaches in children: a clinical lecture</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0538-5662</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Ермакова</surname><given-names>П. А.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Ermakova</surname><given-names>Polina A.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><email xlink:type="simple">noemail@neicon.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2988-5706</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Котов</surname><given-names>Алексей Сергеевич</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Kotov</surname><given-names>Aleksey S.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Доктор мед. наук, доцент, рук. неврологического отделения по разделу «Наука», профессор кафедры неврологии ФУВ ГБУЗ МО МОНИКИ им. М.Ф. Владимирского, 129110, Москва.</p><p>e-mail: alex-013@yandex.ru</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>MD, Ph.D., DSci., Associate Professor, Head of the Neurological Department for the science section, Professor of the Department of Neurology. M.F. Vladimirsky Moscow Regional Research and Clinical Institute, Moscow, 129110, Russian Federation.</p><p>e-mail: alex-013@yandex.ru</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">alex-013@yandex.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff-1"><aff xml:lang="ru">ГБУЗ МО «Московский областной научно-исследовательский клинический институт им. М.Ф. Владимирского»<country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en">M.F. Vladimirsky Moscow Regional Research and Clinical Institute<country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date pub-type="collection"><year>2020</year></pub-date><pub-date pub-type="epub"><day>25</day><month>03</month><year>2021</year></pub-date><volume>1</volume><issue>3</issue><fpage>177</fpage><lpage>187</lpage><permissions><copyright-statement>Copyright &amp;#x00A9; Ермакова П.А., Котов А.С., 2021</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2021</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Ермакова П.А., Котов А.С.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Ermakova P.A., Kotov A.S.</copyright-holder><license license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.</license-p></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://www.neuro-journal.ru/jour/article/view/6">https://www.neuro-journal.ru/jour/article/view/6</self-uri><abstract><p>Головная боль (ГБ) является, пожалуй, самой распространенной жалобой у детей. К сожалению, зачастую этой жалобе не уделяется достаточно внимания. Нередко первичная ГБ (ГБ напряжения, мигрень) трактуется как симптом неврологического или другого заболевания, реже происходит наоборот. Не уделяется достаточного внимания сбору анамнеза, который на 90% обусловливает правильность постановки диагноза. Несмотря на высокую распространенность, большая часть знаний о патофизиологии, диагностических критериях и методах лечения ГБ у детей основана на экстраполяции результатов исследований, проведенных на взрослых пациентах. Эти экстраполяции должны осуществляться осторожно в педиатрической возрастной группе, поскольку существуют значительные различия между детьми и взрослыми в отношении развития и созревания нейрональных цепей, психосоциального развития и статуса и, следовательно, патофизиологии и распространенности различных типов ГБ. Эти различия в отношении типа и проявлений ГБ у детей и подростков могут пролить свет на прогрессирование детских ГБ во взрослом возрасте.</p><p>Мы представляем описание клинической картины, критериев диагностики и особенностей лечения самых типичных форм ГБ у детей: ГБ напряжения, мигрени, инфекционных заболеваний (включая менингококковый менингит), заболеваний ЛОР-органов, ургентных состояний, таких как черепно-мозговая травма и субарахноидальное кровоизлияние. Рассмотрены также генетические синдромы CADASIL и MELAS. Отдельное внимание уделяется так называемым «красным флагам» - опасным симптомам, требующим немедленных диагностических или лечебных процедур. В лекции приводятся практические особенности клинического и неврологического осмотра детей с жалобами на ГБ, современные классификации ГБ напряжения и мигрени, алгоритмы назначения лекарственных препаратов с учетом возрастных особенностей, приведены иллюстрации, включающие результаты МРТ, внешнего осмотра больных, схемы течения различных форм ГБ.</p></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="en"><p>Headaches are perhaps the most common complaint in children. Unfortunately, often not enough attention is paid to this complaint. Often, primary headache (tension headache, migraine) is interpreted as a symptom of a neurological or other disease, less often the opposite. Not enough attention is paid to the collection of an anamnesis, which determines the correct diagnosis for 90%. Despite its high prevalence, most of our knowledge about pathophysiology, diagnostic criteria and treatment methods is based on extrapolation of the results of studies conducted on adult patients. These extrapolations should be carried out carefully in the pediatric age group, since there are significant differences between children and adults in relation to the development and maturation of neuronal networks, psychosocial development and status, and therefore the pathophysiology and prevalence of various types of headaches. These differences, with respect to the type and manifestations of headaches in children and adolescents, can shed light on the progression of childhood headaches in adulthood.</p><p>We present a description of the clinical picture, diagnostic criteria, and treatment features for the most typical forms of headaches in children: tension headaches, migraines, infectious diseases (including meningococcal meningitis), diseases of ENT organs, urgent conditions, such as traumatic brain injury and subarachnoid hemorrhage. Also, attention is paid to some genetic syndromes - CADASIL and MELAS. Special attention is paid to the so-called “red flags” - dangerous symptoms that require immediate diagnostic or treatment procedures. The lecture presents the practical features of the clinical and neurological examination of children with headache complaints, modern classifications of tension and migraine headaches, age-specific prescribing algorithms, illustrations including the results of MRI, external examination of patients, and the course of various forms of headache.</p></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>головная боль</kwd><kwd>дети</kwd><kwd>критерии диагностики</kwd><kwd>лечение</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>headache</kwd><kwd>children</kwd><kwd>diagnostic criteria</kwd><kwd>treatment</kwd></kwd-group></article-meta></front><back><ref-list><title>References</title><ref id="cit1"><label>1</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Headache Classification Committee of the International Headache Society (IHS). 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