<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<!DOCTYPE article PUBLIC "-//NLM//DTD JATS (Z39.96) Journal Publishing DTD v1.3 20210610//EN" "JATS-journalpublishing1-3.dtd">
<article article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.3" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xml:lang="ru"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">neurojour</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="ru">Неврологический журнал имени Л.О. Бадаляна</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>L.O. Badalyan Neurological Journal</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn pub-type="ppub">2686-8997</issn><issn pub-type="epub">2712-794X</issn><publisher><publisher-name>ФГАУ «НМИЦ здоровья детей» Минздрава России</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.46563/2686-8997-2020-1-3-169-176</article-id><article-id custom-type="elpub" pub-id-type="custom">neurojour-5</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>ОБЗОРЫ ЛИТЕРАТУРЫ</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>LITERATURE REVIEWS</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title>Современные данные о ранней диагностике синдрома Веста. Электроэнцефалографическая эволюция гипсаритмии</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Current data on early diagnosis of West syndrome. Electroencephalographic evolution of hypsarrhythmia</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Айсина</surname><given-names>Виктория Александровна</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Aysina</surname><given-names>Victoriya A.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Младший научный сотрудник, врач функциональной диагностики НМИЦ здоровья детей.</p><p>e-mail: drvika68@gmail.com</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>MD, junior researcher, functional diagnostic doctor, National Medical Research Center of Children’s Health, Moscow, 119991, Russian Federation.</p><p>e-mail: drvika68@gmail.com</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">drvika68@gmail.com</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Кузенкова</surname><given-names>Л. М.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Kuzenkova</surname><given-names>Lyudmila M.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><email xlink:type="simple">noemail@neicon.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Кожевникова</surname><given-names>О. В.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Kozhevnikova</surname><given-names>Olga V.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><email xlink:type="simple">noemail@neicon.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff-1"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>ФГАУ «Национальный медицинский исследовательский центр здоровья детей» Минздрава России</institution></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>National Medical Research Center for Children’s Health</institution></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date pub-type="collection"><year>2020</year></pub-date><pub-date pub-type="epub"><day>25</day><month>03</month><year>2021</year></pub-date><volume>1</volume><issue>3</issue><fpage>169</fpage><lpage>176</lpage><permissions><copyright-statement>Copyright &amp;#x00A9; Айсина В.А., Кузенкова Л.М., Кожевникова О.В., 2021</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2021</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Айсина В.А., Кузенкова Л.М., Кожевникова О.В.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Aysina V.A., Kuzenkova L.M., Kozhevnikova O.V.</copyright-holder><license xml:lang="ru" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>Данная работа распространяется под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.</license-p></license><license xml:lang="en" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.</license-p></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://www.neuro-journal.ru/jour/article/view/5">https://www.neuro-journal.ru/jour/article/view/5</self-uri><abstract><p>Представлен обзор современных представлений о ранней диагностике синдрома Веста с позиции электроэнцефалографии, характеристики периода прегипсаритмии, предшествующего появлению паттерна гипсаритмии, иллюстрированный примерами собственных наблюдений. Проведены многочисленные исследования клинических проявлений и нейрофизиологических аспектов синдрома Веста после начала клинических проявлений в виде спазмов, описаны варианты трансформации синдрома Веста. С другой стороны, совсем немного было исследований его клинико-электроэнцефалографической эволюции с периода прегипсаритмической стадии. Возможность достоверно идентифицировать этот период-предшественник стала бы первым шагом к ранней диагностике синдрома Веста. Раннее прогнозирование и последующее вмешательство при синдроме Веста будет иметь существенное прогностическое значение. В НМИЦ здоровья детей проведен ретроспективный анализ 68 ЭЭГ-исследований. Основываясь на предварительных данных нашего исследования, можно выделить период продолжительностью 1-3 мес, во время которого у большинства детей ЭЭГ-картина из прегипсаритмической в виде мультирегиональной эпилептиформной активности со средним индексом представленности или региональной эпилептиформной активности в теменно-затылочно-задневисочных отделах с низким индексом представленности меняется на паттерн гипсаритмии. Представляется целесообразным рекомендовать новорожденным детям со структурными нарушениями головного мозга, недоношенным, детям с мультирегиональной эпилептиформной активностью, региональной эпилептиформной активностью в теменно-затылочно-задневисочных отделах (даже низкого индекса) проведение регулярного видео-ЭЭГ-мониторинга не реже 1 раза в 1-2 мес с целью раннего выявления паттерна гипсаритмии и синдрома Веста.</p></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="en"><p>The review of current ideas about the early diagnosis of West syndrome is presented in terms of electroencephalography data based on a characterization of the period of «prehypsarrhythmia» preceding the appearance of the pattern of hypsarrhythmia. There are considered examples of our observations. Also, our data from a study of a group of children with hypsarrhythmia are described. A lot of studies of clinical manifestations and neurophysiological aspects of West syndrome have been conducted after the onset of clinical manifestations in the form of spasms, and variants of the transformation of West syndrome have been reported. On the other hand, very few studies of its clinical and electroencephalographic evolution have been conducted since the prehypsarrhythmic stage. The opportunity to reliably identify this precursor period would be the first step towards early diagnosis of West syndrome. Early prediction and subsequent intervention in West syndrome will have significant predictive value. A retrospective analysis of 68 electroencephalographic studies was conducted at the National Medical Research Center for children’s health. Based on the preliminary data of our study, we can distinguish a period of 1 to 3 months, during which in most children, the EEG pattern from “prehypsarrhythmic” in the form of multi-regional epileptiform activity with an average representation index or regional epileptiform activity in the parietal-occipital-posterior parts with a low representation index transforms to a pattern of hypsarrhythmia. It seems appropriate to recommend that newborns with structural brain disorders, premature infants, children with multi-regional epileptiform activity, with regional epileptiform activity in the parietal-occipital-posterior parts (even low index) to be observed with regular video EEG monitoring at least once every 1-2 months, to early detect the pattern of hypsarrhythmia and West syndrome.</p></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>ранние эпилептические энцефалопатии</kwd><kwd>электроэнцефалография</kwd><kwd>гипсаритмия</kwd><kwd>прегипсаритмия</kwd><kwd>синдром Веста</kwd><kwd>инфантильные спазмы</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>early epileptic encephalopathies</kwd><kwd>electroencephalography</kwd><kwd>hypsarrhythmia</kwd><kwd>prehypsarrhythmia</kwd><kwd>West syndrome</kwd><kwd>infantile spasms</kwd></kwd-group></article-meta></front><back><ref-list><title>References</title><ref id="cit1"><label>1</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Визуальная ЭЭГ. Глоссарий ЭЭГ терминов Международной федерации клинической нейрофизиологии (IFCN). Available at: http://eeg-online.ru/glossary.htm</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Visual EEG. Glossary of EEG terms of the International Federation of clinical neurophysiology (IFCN). Available at: http://eeg-online.ru/glossary.htm (in Russian)</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit2"><label>2</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Мухин К.Ю., Миронов М.Б. Эпилептические спазмы. Русский журнал детской неврологии. 2014; 9(4): 20-9. https://doi.org/10.17650/2073-8803-2014-9-4-20-29</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Mukhin K.Yu., Mironov M.B. Epileptic spasms. Russkiy zhurnal detskoy nevrologii. 2014; 9(4): 20-9. https://doi.org/10.17650/2073-8803-2014-9-4-20-29 (in Russian)</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit3"><label>3</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Auvin S., Cilio M. R., Vezzani A. Current understanding and neurobiology of epileptic encephalopathies. Neurobiol. Dis. 2016; 92(Pt. A): 72-89. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.nbd.2016.03.007</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Auvin S., Cilio M. R., Vezzani A. Current understanding and neurobiology of epileptic encephalopathies. Neurobiol. Dis. 2016; 92(Pt. A): 72-89. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.nbd.2016.03.007</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit4"><label>4</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Watanabe K. West syndrome: etiological and prognostic aspects. Brain Dev. 1998; 20(1): 1-8. https://doi.org/10.1016/s0387-7604(97)00085-5</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Watanabe K. West syndrome: etiological and prognostic aspects. Brain Dev. 1998; 20(1): 1-8. https://doi.org/10.1016/s0387-7604(97)00085-5</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit5"><label>5</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Okumura A., Watanabe K., Negoro T., Aso K., Natsume J., Kubota T., et al. Evolutional changes and outcome of West syndrome: correlation with magnetic resonance imaging findings. Epilepsia. 1998; 39(Suppl. 5): 46-9. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1528-1157.1998.tb05150.x</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Okumura A., Watanabe K., Negoro T., Aso K., Natsume J., Kubota T., et al. Evolutional changes and outcome of West syndrome: correlation with magnetic resonance imaging findings. Epilepsia. 1998; 39(Suppl. 5): 46-9. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1528-1157.1998.tb05150.x</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit6"><label>6</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Riikonen R., Donner M. Incidence and aetiology of infantile spasms from 1960 to 1976: A population study in Finland. Dev. Med. Child Neural. 1979; 21(3): 333-43. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1469-8749.1979.tb01625.x</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Riikonen R., Donner M. Incidence and aetiology of infantile spasms from 1960 to 1976: A population study in Finland. Dev. Med. Child Neural. 1979; 21(3): 333-43. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1469-8749.1979.tb01625.x</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit7"><label>7</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Гапонова О.В., Николаева Е.А. Синдром Веста. Российский вестник перинатологии и педиатрии. 2012; (1): 58-63.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Gaponova O.V., Nikolaeva E.A. West’s Syndrome. Rossiyskiy vestnik perinatologii i pediatrii. 2012; (1): 58-63. (in Russian)</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit8"><label>8</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Jeavons P.M., Livet M.O. West syndrome: infantile spasms. In: Roger J., Bureau M., Dravet C., Dreifuss F.E., Perret A., Wolf P., eds. Epileptic Syndromes in Infancy, Childhood and Adolescence. London: John Libbey; 1992: 53-65.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Jeavons P.M., Livet M.O. West syndrome: infantile spasms. In: Roger J., Bureau M., Dravet C., Dreifuss F.E., Perret A., Wolf P., eds. Epileptic Syndromes in Infancy, Childhood and Adolescence. London: John Libbey; 1992: 53-65.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit9"><label>9</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Lux AL, Edwards SW, Hancock E, et al. The United Kingdom Infantile Spasms Study (UKISS) comparing hormone treatment with vigabatrin on developmental and epilepsy outcomes to age 14 months: a multicentre randomised trial. Lancet Neurol. 2005;4(11):712-717. https://doi.org/10.1016/S1474-4422(05)70199-X</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Lux AL, Edwards SW, Hancock E, et al. The United Kingdom Infantile Spasms Study (UKISS) comparing hormone treatment with vigabatrin on developmental and epilepsy outcomes to age 14 months: a multicentre randomised trial. Lancet Neurol. 2005;4(11):712-717. https://doi.org/10.1016/S1474-4422(05)70199-X</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit10"><label>10</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Гапонова О.В., Белоусова Е.Д. Прогностические критерии инфантильных спазмов. Эпилепсия и пароксизмальные состояния. 2011; 3(3): 38-43.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Gaponova O.V., Belousova E.D. Prognostic criteria of infantile spasms. Epilepsiya i paroksizmal’nye sostoyaniya. 2011; 3(3): 38-43. (in Russian)</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit11"><label>11</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Aicardi J. Infantile spasms and related syndromes. In: Aicardi J., ed. Epilepsy in Children. New York: Raven Press; 1994: 18-43.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Aicardi J. Infantile spasms and related syndromes. In: Aicardi J., ed. Epilepsy in Children. New York: Raven Press; 1994: 18-43.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit12"><label>12</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Gastaut H., Roger J., Soulayrol R., Salamon G., Regis H., Lob H. Infantile myoclonic encephalopathy with hypsarrhythmia (West’s syndrome) and Bourneville’s tuberous sclerosis. J. Neurol. Sci. 1965; 2(2): 140-60. https://doi.org/10.1016/0022-510x(65)90077-8</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Gastaut H., Roger J., Soulayrol R., Salamon G., Regis H., Lob H. Infantile myoclonic encephalopathy with hypsarrhythmia (West’s syndrome) and Bourneville’s tuberous sclerosis. J. Neurol. Sci. 1965; 2(2): 140-60. https://doi.org/10.1016/0022-510x(65)90077-8</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit13"><label>13</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Hrachovy R.A., Frost J.D. Jr, Kellaway P. Hypsarrhythmia: variations on the theme. Epilepsia. 1984; 25(3): 317-25 https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1528-1157.1984.tb04195.x</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Hrachovy R.A., Frost J.D. Jr, Kellaway P. Hypsarrhythmia: variations on the theme. Epilepsia. 1984; 25(3): 317-25 https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1528-1157.1984.tb04195.x</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit14"><label>14</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Охапкина Т.Г., Горчханова З.К., Шулякова И.В., Ильина Е.С., Мичурина Е.С., Белоусова Е.Д. Современные представления о синдроме Веста. Эпилепсия и пароксизмальные состояния. 2017; 9(2): 74-90. https://doi.org/10.17749/2077-8333.2017.9.2.074-090 (in Russian)</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Okhapkina T.G., Gorchanova Z.K., Shulyakova I.V., Ilyina E.S., Michurina E.S., Belousova E.D. West syndrome revisited. Epilepsiya i paroksizmal’nye sostoyaniya. 2017; 9(2): 74-90. https://doi.org/10.17749/2077-8333.2017.9.2.074-090 (in Russian)</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit15"><label>15</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Холин А.А. Возрастная и фармакоиндуцированная эволюция младенческих и ранних детских форм эпилепсии: Автореф. дисс. … канд. мед. наук. М.; 2004.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Kholin A.A. Age and pharmacoinduced evolution of infantile and early childhood forms of epilepsy: Diss. Moscow; 2004. (in Russian)</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit16"><label>16</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Медведев М.И. Резистентные эпилептические синдромы раннего детского возраста: Автореф. дисс. … д-ра мед. наук. М.; 1998.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Medvedev M.I. Resistant epileptic syndromes of early childhood: Diss. Moscow; 1998. (in Russian)</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit17"><label>17</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Темин П.А., Никанорова М.Ю. Эпилепсии и судорожные синдромы у детей. М.: Медицина; 1999.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Temin P.A., Nikanorova M.Yu. Epilepsies and Convulsive Syndromes in Children [Epilepsii i sudorozhnye sindromy u detey]. Moscow: Meditsina; 1999. (in Russian)</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit18"><label>18</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Холин А.А., Ильина Е.С., Мухин К.Ю., Алиханов А.А., Воронкова К.В., Петрухин А.С. Синдром Веста. Клинико-электро-анатомические характеристики и дифференцированный подход к терапии. Журнал неврологии и психиатрии им. С.С. Корсакова. 2008; (2 Прил.): 68-77.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Kholin A.A., Il’ina E.S., Mukhin K.Yu., Alikhanov A.A., Voron­kova K.V., Petrukhin A.S. West’s Syndrome. Clinical and electro-anatomical characteristics and differentiated approach to therapy. Zhurnal nevrologii i psikhiatrii im. S.S. Korsakova. 2008; (2 Suppl.): 68-77. (in Russian)</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit19"><label>19</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Холин А.А., Мухин К.Ю., Петрухин А.С., Ильина Е.С. Электроэнцефалографические характеристики синдрома Веста. Журнал неврологии и психиатрии им. С.С. Корсакова. 2002; (5): 40-4.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Kholin A.A., Mukhin K.Yu., Petrukhin A.S., Il’ina E.S. Electroencephalographic characteristics of West’s syndrome. Zhurnal nevrologii i psikhiatrii im. S.S. Korsakova. 2002; (5): 40-4. (in Russian)</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit20"><label>20</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Watanabe K., Takeuchi T., Hakamada S., Hayakawa F. Neurophysiological and neuroradiological features preceding infantile spasms. Brain Dev. 1987; 9(4): 391-8. https://doi.org/10.1016/s0387-7604(87)80112-2</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Watanabe K., Takeuchi T., Hakamada S., Hayakawa F. Neurophysiological and neuroradiological features preceding infantile spasms. Brain Dev. 1987; 9(4): 391-8. https://doi.org/10.1016/s0387-7604(87)80112-2</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit21"><label>21</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Walther B., Schmitt T., Reitter B. Identification of infants at risk for infantile spasms by neonatal polygraphy. Brain Dev. 1987; 9(4): 377-90. https://doi.org/10.1016/s0387-7604(87)80111-0</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Walther B., Schmitt T., Reitter B. Identification of infants at risk for infantile spasms by neonatal polygraphy. Brain Dev. 1987; 9(4): 377-90. https://doi.org/10.1016/s0387-7604(87)80111-0</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit22"><label>22</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Riikonen R. Infantile spasms: outcome in clinical studies. Pediatr. Neurol. 2020; 108: 54-64. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.pediatrneurol.2020.01.015</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Riikonen R. Infantile spasms: outcome in clinical studies. Pediatr. Neurol. 2020; 108: 54-64. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.pediatrneurol.2020.01.015</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit23"><label>23</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Altunel A., Sever A., Altunel E.Ö. Hypsarrhythmia paroxysm index: A tool for early prediction of infantile spasms. Epilepsy Res. 2015; 111: 54-60. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.eplepsyres.2015.01.005</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Altunel A., Sever A., Altunel E.Ö. Hypsarrhythmia paroxysm index: A tool for early prediction of infantile spasms. Epilepsy Res. 2015; 111: 54-60. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.eplepsyres.2015.01.005</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit24"><label>24</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Okumura A., Watanabe K. Clinico-electrical evolution in pre-hypsarrhythmic stage: towards prediction and prevention of West syndrome. Brain Dev. 2001; 23(7): 482-7. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0387-7604(01)00291-1</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Okumura A., Watanabe K. Clinico-electrical evolution in pre-hypsarrhythmic stage: towards prediction and prevention of West syndrome. Brain Dev. 2001; 23(7): 482-7. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0387-7604(01)00291-1</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit25"><label>25</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Suzuki M, Okumura A, Watanabe K, et al. The predictive value of electroencephalogram during early infancy for later development of West syndrome in infants with cystic periventricular leukomalacia. Epilepsia. 2003;44(3):443-446. https://doi.org/10.1046/j.1528-1157.2003.29202.x</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Suzuki M, Okumura A, Watanabe K, et al. The predictive value of electroencephalogram during early infancy for later development of West syndrome in infants with cystic periventricular leukomalacia. Epilepsia. 2003;44(3):443-446. https://doi.org/10.1046/j.1528-1157.2003.29202.x</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit26"><label>26</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Philippi H., Wohlrab G., Bettendorf U., Borusiak P., Kluger G., Strobl K., et al. Electroencephalographic evolution of hypsarrhythmia: toward an early treatment option. Epilepsia. 2008; 49(11): 1859-64. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1528-1167.2008.01715.x</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Philippi H., Wohlrab G., Bettendorf U., Borusiak P., Kluger G., Strobl K., et al. Electroencephalographic evolution of hypsarrhythmia: toward an early treatment option. Epilepsia. 2008; 49(11): 1859-64. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1528-1167.2008.01715.x</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit27"><label>27</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Мухин К.Ю., Петрухин А.С., Холин А.А. Эпилептические энцефалопатии и схожие синдромы у детей. М.: АртСервис Лтд; 2011.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Mukhin K.Yu., Petrukhin A.S., Kholin A.A. Epileptic Encephalopathies and Similar Syndromes in Children [Epilepticheskie entsefalopatii i skhozhie sindromy u detey]. Moscow: ArtServis Ltd; 2011. (in Russian)</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref></ref-list><fn-group><fn fn-type="conflict"><p>The authors declare that there are no conflicts of interest present.</p></fn></fn-group></back></article>
