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<article article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.3" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xml:lang="ru"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">neurojour</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="ru">Неврологический журнал имени Л.О. Бадаляна</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>L.O. Badalyan Neurological Journal</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn pub-type="ppub">2686-8997</issn><issn pub-type="epub">2712-794X</issn><publisher><publisher-name>ФГАУ «НМИЦ здоровья детей» Минздрава России</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.46563/2686-8997-2020-1-3-159-168</article-id><article-id custom-type="elpub" pub-id-type="custom">neurojour-4</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>ОБЗОРЫ ЛИТЕРАТУРЫ</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>LITERATURE REVIEWS</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title>Мерозин-дефицитная мышечная дистрофия: патогенез, клинические проявления и стратегии терапии</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Merosin-deficient muscular dystrophy: pathogenesis, clinical manifestations and therapeutic strategies</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9828-9348</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Монахова</surname><given-names>Анастасия Вячеславовна</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Monakhova</surname><given-names>Anastasiya V.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Младший научный сотрудник отдела психоневрологии и эпилептологии Научно-исследовательского клинического института педиатрии имени академика Ю.Е. Вельтищева ФГАОУ ВО РНИМУ им. Н.И. Пирогова, 125412, Москва.</p><p>e-mail: stasya1803@mail.ru</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Junior research fellow, Psychoneurology and Epileptology Department, Academician Yu.E. Veltishchev Research and Clinical Institute for Pediatrics of the N.I. Pirogov Russian National Research Medical University, Moscow, 125412, Russian Federation.</p><p>e-mail: stasya1803@mail.ru</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">stasya1803@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2635-2752</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Влодавец</surname><given-names>Д. В.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Vlodavets</surname><given-names>Dmitry V.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><email xlink:type="simple">noemail@neicon.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0103-7422</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Заваденко</surname><given-names>Н. Н.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Zavadenko</surname><given-names>Nikolay N.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><email xlink:type="simple">noemail@neicon.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-2"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3594-6974</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Белоусова</surname><given-names>Е. Д.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Belousova</surname><given-names>Elena D.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><email xlink:type="simple">noemail@neicon.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3071-578X</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Казаков</surname><given-names>Д. О.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Kazakov</surname><given-names>Dmitry O.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><email xlink:type="simple">noemail@neicon.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-3"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8999-9986</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Баранич</surname><given-names>Т. И.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Baranich</surname><given-names>Tatiana I.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><email xlink:type="simple">noemail@neicon.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-4"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0552-6939</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Сухоруков</surname><given-names>В. С.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Sukhorukov</surname><given-names>Vladimir S.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><email xlink:type="simple">noemail@neicon.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-4"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1096-5717</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Куприянова</surname><given-names>А. Г.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Kupriyanova</surname><given-names>Anna G.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><email xlink:type="simple">noemail@neicon.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-3"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff-1"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>ФГАОУ ВО «Российский национальный исследовательский медицинский университет им. Н.И. Пирогова» Минздрава России; Научно-исследовательский клинический институт педиатрии им. академика Ю.Е. Вельтищева ФГАОУ ВО «Российский национальный исследовательский медицинский университет им. Н.И. Пирогова» Минздрава России</institution></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>N.I. Pirogov Russian National Research Medical University; Academician Yu.E. Veltishchev Research and Clinical Institute for Pediatrics of the N.I. Pirogov Russian National Research Medical University</institution></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff-2"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>ФГАОУ ВО «Российский национальный исследовательский медицинский университет им. Н.И. Пирогова» Минздрава России</institution></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>N.I. Pirogov Russian National Research Medical University</institution></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff-3"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>Научно-исследовательский клинический институт педиатрии им. академика Ю.Е. Вельтищева ФГАОУ ВО «Российский национальный исследовательский медицинский университет им. Н.И. Пирогова» Минздрава России</institution></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>Academician Yu.E. Veltishchev Research and Clinical Institute for Pediatrics of the N.I. Pirogov Russian National Research Medical University</institution></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff-4"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>ФГАОУ ВО «Российский национальный исследовательский медицинский университет им. Н.И. Пирогова» Минздрава России; ФГБНУ «Научный центр неврологии» Минобрнауки России</institution></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>N.I. Pirogov Russian National Research Medical University; Research Center of Neurology</institution></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date pub-type="collection"><year>2020</year></pub-date><pub-date pub-type="epub"><day>25</day><month>03</month><year>2021</year></pub-date><volume>1</volume><issue>3</issue><fpage>159</fpage><lpage>168</lpage><permissions><copyright-statement>Copyright &amp;#x00A9; Монахова А.В., Влодавец Д.В., Заваденко Н.Н., Белоусова Е.Д., Казаков Д.О., Баранич Т.И., Сухоруков В.С., Куприянова А.Г., 2021</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2021</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Монахова А.В., Влодавец Д.В., Заваденко Н.Н., Белоусова Е.Д., Казаков Д.О., Баранич Т.И., Сухоруков В.С., Куприянова А.Г.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Monakhova A.V., Vlodavets D.V., Zavadenko N.N., Belousova E.D., Kazakov D.O., Baranich T.I., Sukhorukov V.S., Kupriyanova A.G.</copyright-holder><license xml:lang="ru" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>Данная работа распространяется под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.</license-p></license><license xml:lang="en" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.</license-p></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://www.neuro-journal.ru/jour/article/view/4">https://www.neuro-journal.ru/jour/article/view/4</self-uri><abstract><p>Мерозин-дефицитная мышечная дистрофия - наиболее распространенная форма врожденных мышечных дистрофий (ВМД), характеризующаяся генетической гетерогенностью и в большинстве случаев - тяжелым течением. Ее патогенез связан с частичным или полным отсутствием α2-цепи ламинина в базальной мембране мышечного волокна, вызванным мутациями в гене LAMA2. Клинические проявления LAMA2-связанной мышечной дистрофии варьируют от тяжелой ВМД (ВМД 1А типа) с ранним началом до относительно легкого течения ВМД с поздним дебютом, имеющей фенотип конечностно-поясных мышечных дистрофий (МД). ВМД 1А типа характеризуется задержкой моторного развития с первых месяцев жизни (при этом подавляющее большинство детей не осваивают способность к самостоятельной ходьбе), слабостью лицевой мускулатуры, птозом, офтальмоплегией, ригидностью позвоночника, ранним возникновением контрактур в плечевых, локтевых, тазобедренных и коленных суставах, выраженными респираторными нарушениями по рестриктивному типу, нутритивными проблемами, такими как нарушения глотания, жевания, гастроэзофагеальный рефлюкс, низкая масса тела; у части детей отмечаются умственная отсталость и эпилепсия.</p><p>Конечностно-поясные ВМД сопровождаются поздним дебютом и менее выраженными двигательными расстройствами. Поражение опорно-двигательного аппарата, как и при врожденной форме, проявляется ригидностью позвоночника и контрактурами в суставах, особенно в локтевых и голеностопных; характерны псевдогипертрофии четырехглавых и икроножных мышц; нередко наблюдается кардиомиопатия; дыхательная недостаточность отсутствует.</p><p>Учитывая мультисистемность поражения, все пациенты требуют длительного междисциплинарного наблюдения и ведения. Приводятся рекомендации Международного консенсуса по стандартам лечения пациентов с ВМД, в котором описывается объем и порядок оказания необходимой им помощи. Знание особенностей клинического течения и патогенеза LAMA2-связанных МД особенно актуально в условиях активно разрабатываемых специфических методов их терапии. Сегодня исследуются несколько терапевтических стратегий восстановления и/или поддержания структуры базальной мембраны при мерозин-дефицитной мышечной дистрофии: использование линкерных белков, инициация полимеризации ламинина-α2, технологии редактирования генома CRISPR/Cas9, ингибиция апоптоза.</p></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="en"><p>Merosin-deficient muscular dystrophy is the most common form of congenital muscular dystrophies (CMD), characterized by genetic heterogeneity and a severe course in most cases. CMD pathogenesis is associated with a partial or complete absence of laminin α2 chains in the basal membrane of muscle fiber caused by a mutation in the LAMA2 gene. The clinical manifestations of LAMA2-associated muscular dystrophy vary from severe CMD (CMD 1A) with an early onset to a relatively mild course with a late onset and phenotype of limb-girdle muscular dystrophy. CMD type 1A is characterized by a delay in motor development from the first months of the life (while the vast majority of children do not master the ability to walk independently), facial muscles weakness, ptosis, ophthalmoplegia, spine rigidity, early occurrence of contractures in the shoulder, elbow, hip and knee joints, restrictive respiratory disorders, nutritional problems, such as disorders of swallowing and chewing, gastroesophageal reflux, low body weight; some children suffer from mental retardation and epilepsy.</p><p>The limb-girdle forms are accompanied by a late onset and less pronounced motor disorders; the involvement of the musculoskeletal system, as in the congenital form, is manifested by the rigidity of the spine and contractures in the joints, especially ulnar and ankle; pseudo-hypertrophies of the quadriceps and calf muscles; cardiomyopathy is often observed; respiratory failure is absent.</p><p>Based on the multisystemic nature of the disease, all patients require long-term interdisciplinary monitoring and management. There are given recommendations of the International Consensus on standards of treatment for patients with CMD, describing in detail the scope and procedure for providing them with the necessary care. Knowledge of the characteristic clinical course and pathogenesis of LAMA2-associate muscle dystrophies becomes especially relevant in the context of actively developing specific methods of their therapy. Currently, there are being investigated several therapeutic strategies for restoring and / or maintaining the structure of the basement membrane in merosin-deficient muscular dystrophy: the use of linker proteins, the initiation of polymerization of laminin α2, the genome removal technology CRISPR/Cas9, the inhibition of apoptosis.</p></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>врожденные мышечные дистрофии</kwd><kwd>мерозин-дефицитная мышечная дистрофия</kwd><kwd>ген LAMA2</kwd><kwd>конечностно-поясные мышечные дистрофии</kwd><kwd>классификация</kwd><kwd>диагностика</kwd><kwd>патогенетическая терапия</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>congenital muscular dystrophies</kwd><kwd>merosin-deficient congenital muscular dystrophy</kwd><kwd>LAMA2 gene</kwd><kwd>limb-girdle muscular dystrophies</kwd><kwd>classification</kwd><kwd>diagnosis</kwd><kwd>pathogenetic therapy</kwd></kwd-group></article-meta></front><back><ref-list><title>References</title><ref id="cit1"><label>1</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Oliveira J., Gruber A., Cardoso M., Taipa R., Fineza I., Gonçalves A., et al. 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