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<article article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.3" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xml:lang="ru"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">neurojour</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="ru">Неврологический журнал имени Л.О. Бадаляна</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>L.O. Badalyan Neurological Journal</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn pub-type="ppub">2686-8997</issn><issn pub-type="epub">2712-794X</issn><publisher><publisher-name>ФГАУ «НМИЦ здоровья детей» Минздрава России</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.46563/2686-8997-2020-1-01-47-63</article-id><article-id custom-type="elpub" pub-id-type="custom">neurojour-30</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>ОБЗОРЫ ЛИТЕРАТУРЫ</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>LITERATURE REVIEWS</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title>Транскраниальная магнитная стимуляция в детской неврологии</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Transcranial magnetic stimulation in child neurology</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7269-9100</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Куренков</surname><given-names>Алексей Львович</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Kurenkov</surname><given-names>Aleksey L.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Доктор мед. наук, зав. лаб. нервных болезней у детей Центра детской психоневрологии, ФГАУ «Национальный медицинский исследовательский центр здоровья детей» Минздрава России, 119991, Москва.</p><p>e-mail: alkurenkov@gmail.com</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>MD, Ph.D., DSci., Head of the laboratory of nervous diseases in children of the Center of Child Psychoneurology, National Medical Research Center for Children’s Health, Moscow, 119991, Russian Federation.</p><p>e-mail: alkurenkov@gmail.com</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">alkurenkov@gmail.com</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6219-3384</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Артеменко</surname><given-names>А. Р.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Artemenko</surname><given-names>Ada R.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><email xlink:type="simple">noemail@neicon.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-2"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff-1"><aff xml:lang="ru">ФГАУ «Национальный медицинский исследовательский центр здоровья детей» Минздрава России<country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en">National Medical Research Center for Children’s Health<country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff-2"><aff xml:lang="ru">ФГАОУ ВО «Первый Московский государственный медицинский университет имени И.М. Сеченова Минздрава России» (Сеченовский Университет)<country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en">I.M. Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University (Sechenov University)<country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date pub-type="collection"><year>2020</year></pub-date><pub-date pub-type="epub"><day>30</day><month>03</month><year>2021</year></pub-date><volume>1</volume><issue>1</issue><fpage>47</fpage><lpage>63</lpage><permissions><copyright-statement>Copyright &amp;#x00A9; Куренков А.Л., Артеменко А.Р., 2021</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2021</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Куренков А.Л., Артеменко А.Р.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Kurenkov A.L., Artemenko A.R.</copyright-holder><license license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.</license-p></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://www.neuro-journal.ru/jour/article/view/30">https://www.neuro-journal.ru/jour/article/view/30</self-uri><abstract><p>Транскраниальная магнитная стимуляция (ТМС) - это неинвазивная стимуляция мозга, которая применяется с исследовательскими и диагностическими целями, а также как один из методов нейромодуляции для лечения ряда болезней. В педиатрии ТМС чаще всего используется для оценки созревания кортикоспинального тракта. Для этого на моторные зоны коры головного мозга ребенка подается короткий одиночный импульсный магнитный стимул и регистрируются вызванные моторные ответы с разных мышц верхних и нижних конечностей, рассчитывается время центрального моторного проведения. Эта методика в детской неврологии также используется для определения нарушений проведения импульса по кортикоспинальному тракту и тестирования проявлений нейропластичности при повреждении двигательных зон коры головного мозга и нисходящих проводящих путей при таких заболеваниях, как детский церебральный паралич, инсульт, рассеянный склероз. Еще один аспект применения ТМС - оценка тормозных корковых механизмов с оценкой параметров коркового периода молчания и ипсилатерального периода молчания, которые часто меняются при поражениях центральной нервной системы. При проведении ТМС также можно выполнить картирование кортикальной представленности конкретной мышцы, что используется для оценки функциональных перестроек коры головного мозга при различных неврологических заболеваниях. Для точного выполнения картирования применяют сложное навигационное оборудование с использованием фокусной ТМС. В статье подробно описаны эти и другие диагностические методы ТМС, используемые при неврологических заболеваниях детского возраста, а также возможности терапевтического применения ритмической ТМС при неврологических заболеваниях.</p></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="en"><p>Transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS) is a non-invasive brain stimulation used for research and diagnostic purposes, as well as for the treatment of a number of diseases as one of the methods of neuromodulation. In pediatrics, TMS is most often used to assess the normal maturation of the corticospinal tract when stimulating the motor areas of the cortex of healthy children with a short single pulse magnetic stimulus, and recording motor evoked potentials from different muscles of the upper and lower extremities, as well as calculating the central motor conduction time. This technique is also used in pediatric neurology to determine conduction disturbances of the pulse along the corticospinal tract and to test neuroplasticity in damage to motor areas of the cerebral cortex and descending motor pathways in such diseases as cerebral palsy, stroke, and multiple sclerosis. Another aspect of TMS application is the evaluation of cortical inhibitory mechanisms with an assessment of the indices of the cortical silent period and the ipsilateral silent period, which often change with central nervous system lesions. With TMS it is also possible to map the cortical representation of a particular muscle, which is used to evaluate functional changes of the cerebral cortex in various neurological diseases. For an accurate implementation of the TMS mapping technique, complex navigation equipment must be currently used with focal TMS. The article describes in detail these and other diagnostic methods of TMS used in child neurology. The possibilities of the therapeutic use of repetitive TMS in children’s neurological diseases are considered in separate sections.</p></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>транскраниальная магнитная стимуляция</kwd><kwd>кортикоспинальный тракт</kwd><kwd>вызванный моторный ответ</kwd><kwd>время центрального моторного проведения</kwd><kwd>корковый период молчания</kwd><kwd>детский церебральный паралич</kwd><kwd>рассеянный склероз</kwd><kwd>инсульт</kwd><kwd>ритмическая ТМС</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>transcranial magnetic stimulation</kwd><kwd>corticospinal tract</kwd><kwd>motor evoked potential</kwd><kwd>central motor conduction time</kwd><kwd>cortical silent period</kwd><kwd>cerebral palsy</kwd><kwd>multiple sclerosis</kwd><kwd>stroke</kwd><kwd>repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation</kwd></kwd-group></article-meta></front><back><ref-list><title>References</title><ref id="cit1"><label>1</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Garvey M.A., Gilbert D.L. 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