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<article article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.3" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xml:lang="ru"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">neurojour</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="ru">Неврологический журнал имени Л.О. Бадаляна</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>L.O. Badalyan Neurological Journal</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn pub-type="ppub">2686-8997</issn><issn pub-type="epub">2712-794X</issn><publisher><publisher-name>ФГАУ «НМИЦ здоровья детей» Минздрава России</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.46563/2686-8997-2026-7-1-226</article-id><article-id custom-type="elpub" pub-id-type="custom">neurojour-237</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>ОРИГИНАЛЬНЫЕ ИССЛЕДОВАНИЯ</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>ORIGINAL INVESTIGATIONS</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title>Клинико-генетическая характеристика 114 российских детей с моногенным несаркомерным гипертрофическим фенотипом кардиомиопатии</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Clinical and Genetic Characteristics of 114 Russian Children with a Monogenic Non-Sarcomeric Hypertrophic Cardiomyopathy Phenotype</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0890-7849</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Гандаева</surname><given-names>Л. А.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Gandaeva</surname><given-names>L. A.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Гандаева Лейла Ахатовна - канд. мед. наук, ведущий научный сотрудник, врач-детский кардиолог ФГАУ «НМИЦ здоровья детей» Минздрава России.</p><p>119991, Москва</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Leila A. Gandaeva - MD, Cand. Sci. (Medicine), Senior Researcher, Pediatric Cardiologist, National Medical Research Center for Children’s Health.</p><p>Moscow, 119991</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">gandaeva@nczd.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7784-2837</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Каверина</surname><given-names>В. Г.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Kaverina</surname><given-names>V. G.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Каверина Валентина Геннадьевна - младший научный сотрудник, врач-педиатр ФГАУ «НМИЦ здоровья детей» Минздрава России.</p><p>Москва</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Valentina G. Kaverina - Junior Researcher, Pediatrician, National Medical Research Center for Children’s Health.</p><p>Moscow</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">coverina.v@yandex.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0144-2885</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Басаргина</surname><given-names>Е. Н.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Basargina</surname><given-names>E. N.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Басаргина Елена Николаевна - доктор мед. наук, профессор, главный научный сотрудник, врач-детский кардиолог ФГАУ «НМИЦ здоровья детей» Минздрава России.</p><p>Москва</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Elena N. Basargina - MD, Dr. Sci. (Medicine), Professor, Chief Researcher, Pediatric Cardiologist, National Medical Research Center for Children’s Health.</p><p>Moscow</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">basargina@nczd.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-2"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6648-2063</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Пушков</surname><given-names>А. A.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Pushkov</surname><given-names>A. A.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Пушков Александр Алексеевич - канд. биол. наук, ведущий научный сотрудник лаборатории медицинской геномики ФГАУ «НМИЦ здоровья детей» Минздрава России.</p><p>Москва</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Alexander A. Pushkov - Cand. Sci. (Biology), Leading Researcher at the Laboratory of Medical Genomics, National Medical Research Center for Children’s Health.</p><p>Moscow</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">pushkovAA@nczd.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0009-0001-6367-6185</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Сильнова</surname><given-names>И. В.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Silnova</surname><given-names>I. V.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Сильнова Ирина Вячеславовна - канд. мед. наук, старший научный сотрудник, врач ультразвуковой диагностики ФГАУ «НМИЦ здоровья детей» Минздрава России.</p><p>Москва</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Irina V. Silnova - MD, Cand. Sci. (Medicine), Senior Researcher, Ultrasound Specialis, National Medical Research Center for Children’s Health.</p><p>Moscow</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">silnova.iv@nczd.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4885-4171</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Савостьянов</surname><given-names>К. В.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Savostyanov</surname><given-names>K. V.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Савостьянов Кирилл Викторович - доктор биол. наук, начальник Медико-генетического центра, заведующий лабораторией медицинской геномики ФГАУ «НМИЦ здоровья детей» Минздрава России.</p><p>Москва</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Kirill V. Savostyanov - Dr. Sci. (Biology), Head of the Medical Genetics Center, Head of the Laboratory of Medical Genomics, Professor at the Department of Pediatrics and Public Health, National Medical Research Center for Children’s Health.</p><p>Moscow</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">7443333@gmail.com</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff-1"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>ФГАУ «Национальный медицинский исследовательский центр здоровья детей» Минздрава России</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>National Medical Research Center for Children’s Health</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff-2"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>ФГАУ «Национальный медицинский исследовательский центр здоровья детей» Минздрава России; Клинический институт детского здоровья имени Н.Ф. Филатова ФГАОУ ВО «Первый Московский государственный медицинский университет имени И.М. Сеченова» Минздрава России (Сеченовский Университет)</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>National Medical Research Center for Children’s Health; N.F. Filatov Clinical Institute of Child Health the First Sechenov Moscow State Medical University</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date pub-type="collection"><year>2026</year></pub-date><pub-date pub-type="epub"><day>05</day><month>07</month><year>2026</year></pub-date><volume>7</volume><issue>2</issue><fpage>88</fpage><lpage>99</lpage><permissions><copyright-statement>Copyright &amp;#x00A9; Гандаева Л.А., Каверина В.Г., Басаргина Е.Н., Пушков А.A., Сильнова И.В., Савостьянов К.В., 2026</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2026</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Гандаева Л.А., Каверина В.Г., Басаргина Е.Н., Пушков А.A., Сильнова И.В., Савостьянов К.В.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Gandaeva L.A., Kaverina V.G., Basargina E.N., Pushkov A.A., Silnova I.V., Savostyanov K.V.</copyright-holder><license xml:lang="ru" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>Данная работа распространяется под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.</license-p></license><license xml:lang="en" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.</license-p></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://www.neuro-journal.ru/jour/article/view/237">https://www.neuro-journal.ru/jour/article/view/237</self-uri><abstract><sec><title>Обоснование</title><p>Обоснование. Кардиомиопатии у детей, по морфофункциональному фенотипу схожие с саркомерными гипертрофическими кардиомиопатиями, почти в половине случаев связаны с различными синдромами и заболеваниями (в настоящее время для отдельных нозологий возможно проведение этиопатогенетической терапии).</p><p>Цель исследования — определение клинических, лабораторно-инструментальных и генетических характеристик наиболее частых моногенных орфанных болезней у детей, сопровождающихся гипертрофическим фенотипом кардиомиопатии.</p></sec><sec><title>Материалы и методы</title><p>Материалы и методы. В исследовании приняли участие 335 пациентов, регулярно наблюдающихся в кардиологическом отделении ФГАУ «НМИЦ здоровья детей» Минздрава России с 2014 по 2025 год с диагнозом «Гипертрофическая кардиомиопатия». Молекулярно-генетическое исследование таргетных областей генома, содержащих 420 генов, патогенные варианты в которых описаны у пациентов с гипертрофическим фенотипом кардиомиопатии, проведено методом высокопроизводительного секвенирования всем пациентам, включённым в исследование. В соответствии с дизайном исследования сравнительный анализ течения гипертрофического фенотипа кардиомиопатии, развивающегося в структуре наследственных болезней обмена, митохондриальной дисфункции и синдромов RAS-патий, проведён 114 детям.</p></sec><sec><title>Результаты</title><p>Результаты. В результате молекулярно-генетического обследования пациентов с гипертрофическим фенотипом кардиомиопатии верифицированы редкие наследственные болезни, включая митохондриальные (каузальные варианты в митохондриальной или ядерной ДНК), болезнь Помпе, болезнь Данона, синдром PRKAG2, различные синдромы RAS-патий. Проведена сравнительная характеристика между ними, показана высокая частота гипертрофического фенотипа кардиомиопатии у детей с дебютом в раннем возрасте при синдромах RAS-патий. Гипертрофия миокарда более 30 мм регистрировалась редко, достоверно чаще симметричная форма заболевания отмечалась при митохондриальной патологии, асимметричная — при синдромах RAS-патий, бивентрикулярная — при наследственных болезнях обмена. Помимо гипертрофии миокарда, у пациентов с наследственными болезнями обмена и митохондриальной патологией наблюдались дилатация левого желудочка и снижение сократительной способности, у пациентов с синдромами RAS-патий — более выраженная (II–III степени) митральная регургитация и высокая частота недостаточности на клапане лёгочной артерии (30,8%). Феномен WPW (синдром Вольфа–Паркинсона–Уайта) и неустойчивая суправентрикулярная тахикардия регистрировались при наследственных болезнях обмена. При митохондриальной патологии отмечено повышение креатинфосфокиназы-МВ (КФК-МВ) при нормальном уровне КФК, при наследственных болезнях обмена — высокие значения КФК, лактатдегидрогеназы и трансаминаз. Значимой разницы в частоте увеличения и значении N-терминального мозгового натрийуретического пропептида (NTproBNP) между пациентами не получено. Хирургическое лечение в объёме септальной миоэктомии проводилось преимущественно при синдромах RAS-патий (23, 20%) и в одном случае при синдроме PRKAG2. За период наблюдения 17 (14,7%) детей умерло, трансплантация сердца и имплантация кардиовертера-дефибриллятора проводилась пациентам с болезнью Данона и синдромом PRKAG2.</p></sec><sec><title>Заключение</title><p>Заключение. Гипертрофия миокарда у детей может быть первым симптомом многочисленных несаркомерных моногенных заболеваний, имеющих различные этиологию, прогноз и лечение. Понимание особенностей течения гипертрофического фенотипа кардиомиопатии позволяет провести дифференциальную диагностику до получения результатов молекулярно-генетического обследования и своевременно корректировать лечение. Внедрение в клиническую практику высокопроизводительного секвенирования позволяет провести одновременный анализ большого числа генов, обусловливающих гипертрофический фенотип кариомиопатии, открывая новые возможности ранней диагностики редких болезней у детей и создавая лучшую доказательную базу для дальнейших исследований.</p></sec></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="en"><sec><title>Introduction</title><p>Introduction. In children, cardiomyopathies with a morphofunctional phenotype similar to sarcomeric hypertrophic cardiomyopathies are associated with various syndromes and diseases in almost half of cases, and for some of these nosologies, etiopathogenetic therapy is currently possible.</p></sec><sec><title>Aim</title><p>Aim: to determine the clinical, laboratory-instrumental, and genetic characteristics of the most common monogenic orphan diseases accompanied by a hypertrophic cardiomyopathy phenotype in children.</p></sec><sec><title>Methods</title><p>Methods. The study included 335 patients diagnosed with hypertrophic cardiomyopathies who were regularly followed up at the cardiology department of the National Medical Research Center for Children’s Health, Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation, from 2014 to 2025. All patients underwent molecular genetic analysis of target genomic regions containing 420 genes, in which pathogenic variants have been described in patients with a hypertrophic cardiomyopathy phenotype, using high-throughput sequencing. According to the study design, a comparative analysis of the course of the hypertrophic cardiomyopathy phenotype in children was performed based on the etiological cause—within the framework of inherited metabolic disorders, due to mitochondrial pathology, and RAS-pathy syndromes (n=114).</p></sec><sec><title>Results</title><p>Results. Molecular genetic examination of patients with a hypertrophic cardiomyopathy phenotype verified rare hereditary diseases, including mitochondrial disorders (causal variants in mitochondrial or nuclear DNA), Pompe disease, Danon disease, PRKAG2 syndrome, and various RAS-pathy syndromes. A comparative characterization was performed, showing a high frequency of the hypertrophic cardiomyopathy phenotype in children with early-onset RAS-pathy syndromes. Myocardial hypertrophy exceeding 30 mm was rarely recorded; a symmetric form of the disease was significantly more common in mitochondrial pathology, asymmetric in RAS-pathy syndromes, and biventricular in inherited metabolic disorders. In addition to myocardial hypertrophy, patients with inherited metabolic disorders and mitochondrial pathology exhibited left ventricular dilation and reduced contractility. Patients with RAS-pathy syndromes had more pronounced (grade II–III) mitral regurgitation and a high frequency of pulmonary valve insufficiency (30.8%). Wolff–Parkinson–White syndrome (WPW) phenomenon and nonsustained supraventricular tachycardia were recorded in inherited metabolic disorders. In mitochondrial pathology, an increase in creatine phosphokinase-MB (CK-MB) with normal CK levels was noted; in inherited metabolic disorders, high values of CK, lactate dehydrogenase, and transaminases were observed. No significant difference in the frequency of elevation or in NT-proBNP levels was found between patients. Surgical treatment in the form of septal myectomy was performed mainly in RAS-pathy syndromes (23; 20%) and in one case of PRKAG2 syndrome. During the follow-up period, 17 (14.7%) children died; heart transplantation and cardioverter defibrillator implantation were performed in patients with Danon disease and PRKAG2 syndrome.</p></sec><sec><title>Conclusion</title><p>Conclusion. Myocardial hypertrophy in children may be the first symptom of numerous non-sarcomeric monogenic diseases with varying etiologies, prognoses, and treatments. Understanding the features of the hypertrophic cardiomyopathy phenotype course allows for differential diagnosis before molecular genetic results are available and enables timely treatment adjustments. The introduction of high-throughput sequencing into clinical practice allows simultaneous analysis of a large number of genes causing the hypertrophic cardiomyopathy phenotype, opening new possibilities for early diagnosis of rare diseases in children and providing a better evidence base for further research.</p></sec></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>гипертрофическая кардиомиопатия</kwd><kwd>наследственные болезни обмена</kwd><kwd>синдромы RAS-патий (Нунан</kwd><kwd>кардио-фациально-кожный</kwd><kwd>с множественными лентиго)</kwd><kwd>фенотип кардиомиопатии</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>hypertrophic cardiomyopathy</kwd><kwd>inherited metabolic disorders</kwd><kwd>RAS-pathy syndromes (Noonan</kwd><kwd>cardio-facio-cutaneous</kwd><kwd>LEOPARD)</kwd><kwd>cardiomyopathy phenotype</kwd></kwd-group><funding-group><funding-statement xml:lang="ru">Авторы благодарят семьи пациентов за поддержку нашего исследования. Авторы выражают благодарность директору ФГАУ «НМИЦ здоровья детей» Минздрава России доктору мед. наук, профессору А.П. Фисенко за поддержку и техническую помощь в осуществлении данной работы. Авторы благодарят весь коллектив ФГАУ «НМИЦ здоровья детей» Минздрава России за возможность междисциплинарного подхода к ведению пациентов.</funding-statement><funding-statement xml:lang="en">The authors thank the patients’ families for supporting our study. The authors express their gratitude to the Director of the National Medical Research Center for Children’s Health, Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation, Professor A.P. Fisenko, MD, for support and technical assistance in carrying out this work. 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