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<article article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.3" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xml:lang="ru"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">neurojour</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="ru">Неврологический журнал имени Л.О. Бадаляна</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>L.O. Badalyan Neurological Journal</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn pub-type="ppub">2686-8997</issn><issn pub-type="epub">2712-794X</issn><publisher><publisher-name>ФГАУ «НМИЦ здоровья детей» Минздрава России</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.46563/2686-8997-2026-7-1-224</article-id><article-id custom-type="elpub" pub-id-type="custom">neurojour-236</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>ОБЗОРЫ ЛИТЕРАТУРЫ</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>LITERATURE REVIEWS</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title>Особенности течения эпилепсии при нейрофиброматозе I типа</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Peculiarities of the Course of Epilepsy in Neurofibromatosis Type 1</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7520-1072</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Пивоварова</surname><given-names>А. М.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Pivovarova</surname><given-names>A. M.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Пивоварова Александра Михайловна - канд. мед. наук, старший научный сотрудник отдела психоневрологии и эпилептологии Института педиатрии и детской хирургии им. академика Ю.Е. Вельтищева ФГАОУ ВО РНИМУ им. Н.И. Пирогова Минздрава России.</p><p>125412, Москва</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Aleksandra M. Pivovarova - MD, Cand. Sci. (Medicine), Senior Researcher, Department of Psychoneurology and Epileptology, Research Clinical Institute of Pediatrics and Pediatric Surgery named after Academician Yu.E. Veltischev, Pirogov Russian National Research Medical University.</p><p>125412, Moscow</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">ampivovarova@gmail.com</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9286-7805</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Горчханова</surname><given-names>З. К.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Gorchkhanova</surname><given-names>Z. K.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Горчханова Зарета Казбулатовна - старший научный сотрудник педиатрического отделения врождённых и наследственных заболеваний Института педиатрии и детской хирургии им. академика Ю.Е. Вельтищева ФГАОУ ВО РНИМУ им. Н.И. Пирогова Минздрава России.</p><p>Москва</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Zareta K. Gorchkhanova - Senior Researcher, Pediatric Department of Congenital and Hereditary Diseases, Research Clinical Institute of Pediatrics and Pediatric Surgery named after Academician Yu.E. Veltischev, Pirogov Russian National Research Medical University.</p><p>Moscow</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">zgorchkhanova@pedklin.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff-1"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>Научно-исследовательский клинический институт педиатрии и детской хирургии имени академика Ю.Е. Вельтищева ФГАОУ ВО «Российский национальный исследовательский медицинский университет имени Н.Н. Пирогова» Минздрава России</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>Research Clinical Institute of Pediatrics and Pediatric Surgery named after Academician Yu.E. Veltischev, Pirogov Russian National Research Medical University</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date pub-type="collection"><year>2026</year></pub-date><pub-date pub-type="epub"><day>05</day><month>07</month><year>2026</year></pub-date><volume>7</volume><issue>2</issue><fpage>119</fpage><lpage>125</lpage><permissions><copyright-statement>Copyright &amp;#x00A9; Пивоварова А.М., Горчханова З.К., 2026</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2026</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Пивоварова А.М., Горчханова З.К.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Pivovarova A.M., Gorchkhanova Z.K.</copyright-holder><license xml:lang="ru" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>Данная работа распространяется под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.</license-p></license><license xml:lang="en" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.</license-p></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://www.neuro-journal.ru/jour/article/view/236">https://www.neuro-journal.ru/jour/article/view/236</self-uri><abstract><p>Нейрофиброматоз I типа — наследственное нейрокожное заболевание с частотой встречаемости 1/2000–4000 новорождённых. Одним из неврологических проявлений заболевания является эпилепсия, однако данные о её частоте, патогенезе и подходах к терапии до конца не изучены.</p><p>В работе обобщаются современные данные о патогенезе, клинических особенностях, диагностике и лечении эпилепсии при нейрофиброматозе I типа на основе анализа литературы и результатов собственного проспективного наблюдения пациентов.</p><p>В статье представлены данные анализа современной литературы по проблеме эпилепсии при нейрофиброматозе I типа, включая сведения о молекулярных механизмах («второй удар», гиперактивация путей Ras/Raf/MAPK и PI3K-mTOR), а также результаты проспективного наблюдения 724 пациентов с нейрофиброматозом I типа (возраст от 1 года до 19 лет) за период 2021–2026 годов. По данным литературы, распространённость эпилепсии при нейрофиброматозе I типа варьирует от 4% до 14%, преобладают фокальные приступы (до 83%). В собственной когорте (n=724) эпилептиформная активность зарегистрирована в 34 (4,7%) случаях, из них эпилепсия диагностирована у 28 (82,4%). У пациентов с эпилепсией (n=28) преобладали фокальные приступы (82,1%), из них структурные изменения по результатам магнитно-резонансной томографии (МРТ) выявлены лишь в 14,3% случаев, что согласуется с международными данными. Ремиссия достигнута у 67,9% пациентов. В статье представлен клинический случай пациента в возрасте 14 лет с нейрофиброматозом I типа, плексиформными нейрофибромами и фокальной эпилепсией с фотосенситивностью.</p><p>Эпилепсия при нейрофиброматозе I типа встречается относительно редко, но для уточнения диагноза и определения подходов к терапии требуются обязательные дополнительные методы обследования, такие как МРТ и видео-ЭЭГ мониторинг. В патогенезе сочетаются структурные изменения (глиомы, кортикальные дисплазии, склероз гиппокампа) и молекулярная дисфункция нейронов вследствие гиперактивации путей Ras-MAPK и PI3K-mTOR. Прогноз в целом благоприятный, в большинстве случаев удаётся достигнуть клинической ремиссии. При фармакорезистентных формах эпилепсии рассматриваются возможности хирургического лечения. Пациенты с негативной МРТ являются потенциальными кандидатами для патогенетической терапии MEK-ингибиторами.</p></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="en"><p>Neurofibromatosis type 1 is an inherited neurocutaneous disorder occurring with an incidence of 1 in 2,000–4,000 newborns. Epilepsy is one of its neurological manifestations; however, data on its frequency, pathogenesis, and treatment approaches have not been fully elucidated. Aim: to summarize current data on the pathogenesis, clinical features, diagnosis and treatment of epilepsy in type I neurofibromatosis based on literature analysis and the results of our own prospective patient observation.</p><p>This article presents an analysis of current literature on epilepsy in neurofibromatosis type 1, including data on molecular mechanisms (the «second hit», hyperactivation of the Ras/Raf/MAPK and PI3K-mTOR pathways). In addition, we present the results of a prospective observational study of 724 patients with neurofibromatosis type 1 (aged 1 to 19 years) from 2021 to 2026. According to the literature, the prevalence of epilepsy in neurofibromatosis type 1 ranges from 4% to 14%. Focal seizures predominate (up to 83%). In our own cohort (n=724), epileptiform activity was recorded in 34 patients (4.7%), and epilepsy was diagnosed in 28 of these (82.4% of those with epileptiform activity). Among patients with epilepsy (n=28), focal seizures prevailed (82.1%), while structural changes on magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) were identified in only 14.3% of cases, which is consistent with international data. Remission was achieved in 67.9% of patients. The article also presents a clinical case of a 14-year-old patient with neurofibromatosis type 1, plexiform neurofibromas, and photosensitive focal epilepsy. Epilepsy in neurofibromatosis type 1 is relatively uncommon, but establishing the diagnosis and determining treatment strategies requires mandatory additional investigations, including MRI and video-EEG monitoring. The pathogenesis involves a combination of structural changes (gliomas, cortical dysplasias, hippocampal sclerosis) and molecular neuronal dysfunction resulting from hyperactivation of the Ras-MAPK and PI3K-mTOR pathways. The prognosis is generally favourable, and clinical remission can be achieved in most cases. Surgical treatment options should be considered in drug resistant forms of epilepsy. Patients with negative MRI findings are potential candidates for pathogenetic therapy with MEK inhibitors.</p></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>нейрофиброматоз I типа</kwd><kwd>эпилепсия</kwd><kwd>дети</kwd><kwd>ЭЭГ-мониторинг</kwd><kwd>теория «второго удара»</kwd><kwd>селуметиниб</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>neurofibromatosis type 1</kwd><kwd>epilepsy</kwd><kwd>children</kwd><kwd>EEG monitoring</kwd><kwd>«second hit» theory</kwd><kwd>selumetinib</kwd></kwd-group></article-meta></front><back><ref-list><title>References</title><ref id="cit1"><label>1</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Multidisciplinary Diagnosis and Treatment Collaboration Group for Neurofibromatosis Type of China Alliance for Rare Diseases. Guidelines for the multidisciplinary diagnosis and treatment of neurofibromatosis type 1 (2023 version). 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