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<article article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.3" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xml:lang="ru"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">neurojour</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="ru">Неврологический журнал имени Л.О. Бадаляна</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>L.O. Badalyan Neurological Journal</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn pub-type="ppub">2686-8997</issn><issn pub-type="epub">2712-794X</issn><publisher><publisher-name>ФГАУ «НМИЦ здоровья детей» Минздрава России</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.46563/2686-8997-2026-7-1-216</article-id><article-id custom-type="elpub" pub-id-type="custom">neurojour-220</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>ОБЗОРЫ ЛИТЕРАТУРЫ</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>LITERATURE REVIEWS</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title>Ритуксимаб в лечении миастении гравис: обзор современных данных</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Rituximab in the treatment of myasthenia gravis: a review of current evidence</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1574-2050</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Абдуллаева</surname><given-names>Л. М.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Abdullaeva</surname><given-names>L. M.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Абдуллаева Луизат Муслимовна, мл. науч. сотр. лаборатории нервных болезней, врач-невролог Центра детской психоневрологии</p><p>119991, Москва</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Luizat M. Abdullaeva, MD, Junior Researcher, Laboratory of Nervous Diseases, Neurologist, Center for Pediatric Neuropsychiatry</p><p>119991, Moscow</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">abdullaeva.lm@inbox.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9562-3774</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Кузенкова</surname><given-names>Л. М.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Kuzenkova</surname><given-names>L. M.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Кузенкова Людмила Михайловна, д-р мед. наук, профессор, начальник центра детской психоневрологии, врач-невролог</p><p>119991, Москва</p><p>119435, Москва</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Ludmila M. Kuzenkova, MD, Dr. Sci. (Medicine), Professor, Head of the Center for Pediatric Psychoneurology, Neurologist</p><p>119991, Moscow</p><p>119435, Moscow</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">l.kuzenkova@list.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-2"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7269-9100</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Куренков</surname><given-names>А. Л.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Kurenkov</surname><given-names>A. L.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Куренков Алексей Львович, д-р мед. наук, заведующий лабораторных нервных болезней, врач-невролог </p><p>119991, Москва</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Alexey L. Kurenkov, MD, Dr. Sci. (Medicine), Head of the Laboratory of Nervous Diseases, Neurologist</p><p>119991, Moscow</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">al.kurenkov@gmail.com</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8381-8793</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Увакина</surname><given-names>Е. В.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Uvakina</surname><given-names>E. V.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Увакина Евгения Владимировна, канд. мед. наук, заведующая отделением психоневрологии и нейрореабилитации, заместитель директора по перспективному развитию, врач-невролог </p><p>119991, Москва</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Evgenia V. Uvakina, MD, Cand. Sci. (Medicine), Head of the Department of Psychoneurology and Neurorehabilitation, Deputy Director for Strategic Development</p><p>119991, Moscow</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">uvakina.ev@nczd.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0009-0006-3712-974X</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Курова</surname><given-names>Ю. А.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Kurova</surname><given-names>Yu. A.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Курова Юлия Александровна, врач-невролог </p><p>119991, Москва</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Yulia A. Kurova, MD, Neurologist</p><p>119991, Moscow</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">kurova.iua@nczd.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff-1"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>ФГАУ «Национальный медицинский исследовательский центр здоровья детей» Минздрава России</institution></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>National Medical Research Center for Children’s Health, Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation</institution></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff-2"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>ФГАУ «Национальный медицинский исследовательский центр здоровья детей» Минздрава России; ФГАОУ ВО «Первый Московский государственный медицинский университет имени И.М. Сеченова» Минздрава России (Сеченовский Университет)</institution></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>National Medical Research Center for Children’s Health, Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation; N.F. Filatov Clinical Institute of Children’s Health, I.M. Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University, Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation (Sechenov University)</institution></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date pub-type="collection"><year>2026</year></pub-date><pub-date pub-type="epub"><day>29</day><month>04</month><year>2026</year></pub-date><volume>7</volume><issue>1</issue><elocation-id>37–49</elocation-id><permissions><copyright-statement>Copyright &amp;#x00A9; Абдуллаева Л.М., Кузенкова Л.М., Куренков А.Л., Увакина Е.В., Курова Ю.А., 2026</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2026</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Абдуллаева Л.М., Кузенкова Л.М., Куренков А.Л., Увакина Е.В., Курова Ю.А.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Abdullaeva L.M., Kuzenkova L.M., Kurenkov A.L., Uvakina E.V., Kurova Y.A.</copyright-holder><license xml:lang="ru" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>Данная работа распространяется под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.</license-p></license><license xml:lang="en" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.</license-p></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://www.neuro-journal.ru/jour/article/view/220">https://www.neuro-journal.ru/jour/article/view/220</self-uri><abstract><p>Миастения гравис — аутоиммунное заболевание нервно-мышечного синапса, обусловленное продукцией патогенных антител к ацетилхолиновым рецепторам (AChR), мышечно-специфической тирозинкиназе (MuSK) или другим компонентам постсинаптической мембраны, проявляющееся развитием патологической мышечной утомляемости и слабости. Ритуксимаб, моноклональное антитело против CD20, вызывающее деплецию В-клеток, демонстрирует дифференцированную эффективность в зависимости от серологического подтипа заболевания. При MuSK-миастении ритуксимаб обеспечивает выраженный и устойчивый терапевтический ответ благодаря элиминации клеток-предшественников короткоживущих плазмобластов, вырабатывающих патогенные IgG4-антитела. При AChR-позитивной миастении эффективность ритуксимаба более вариабельна, а ответ нередко отсрочен, поскольку значительная часть антител продуцируется долгоживущими CD20-негативными плазматическими клетками костного мозга, способными поддерживать продукцию антител независимо от В-клеток-предшественников. Раннее назначение препарата при недавней генерализации тем не менее будет способствовать минимальным проявлениям заболевания и снижению потребности в интенсивной терапии. В педиатрической практике ритуксимаб представляет ценную терапевтическую опцию при тяжёлом и рефрактерном течении ювенильной миастении.</p><p>В настоящем обзоре мы систематизируем данные рандомизированных и наблюдательных исследований, обсуждаем режимы дозирования, профиль безопасности и место ритуксимаба в современном терапевтическом алгоритме.</p></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="en"><p>Myasthenia gravis is an autoimmune disorder of the neuromuscular junction caused by pathogenic autoantibodies targeting acetylcholine receptors (AChR), muscle-specifi c tyrosine kinase (MuSK), or other postsynaptic membrane components, characterized by pathological muscle fatigue and weakness. Rituximab, a monoclonal antibody targeting CD20 that induces B-cell depletion, demonstrates diff erential effi  cacy depending on the serological subtype of the disease. In MuSK myasthenia gravis, rituximab induces a robust and sustained therapeutic response by depleting precursor cells of short-lived plasmablasts that produce pathogenic IgG4 antibodies. In AChR-positive myasthenia gravis, rituximab effi  cacy is more variable and responses are often delayed, as a substantial proportion of pathogenic antibodies are produced by long-lived CD20-negative bone marrow plasma cells capable of sustaining antibody production independently of precursor B cells. Nevertheless, early rituximab administration in patients with recent disease generalization may accelerate achievement of Minimal Manifestation Status (MMS) and reduce the need for rescue therapy. In pediatric practice, rituximab represents a valuable therapeutic option for severe and refractory juvenile myasthenia gravis.</p><p>In this review, we synthesize data from randomized and observational studies, discuss dosing regimens, safety profi le, and the role of rituximab in current treatment algorithms.</p></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>миастения гравис</kwd><kwd>ритуксимаб</kwd><kwd>В-клеточная деплеция</kwd><kwd>анти-AChR антитела</kwd><kwd>анти-MuSK антитела</kwd><kwd>ювенильная миастения</kwd><kwd>биологическая терапия</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>myasthenia gravis</kwd><kwd>rituximab</kwd><kwd>B-cell depletion</kwd><kwd>anti-AChR antibodies</kwd><kwd>anti-MuSK antibodies</kwd><kwd>juvenile myasthenia gravis</kwd><kwd>biologic therapy</kwd></kwd-group></article-meta></front><back><ref-list><title>References</title><ref id="cit1"><label>1</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Gilhus NE, Tzartos S, Evoli A, et al. 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