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<article article-type="review-article" dtd-version="1.3" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xml:lang="ru"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">neurojour</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="ru">Неврологический журнал имени Л.О. Бадаляна</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>L.O. Badalyan Neurological Journal</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn pub-type="ppub">2686-8997</issn><issn pub-type="epub">2712-794X</issn><publisher><publisher-name>ФГАУ «НМИЦ здоровья детей» Минздрава России</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.46563/2686-8997-2025-6-3-153-159</article-id><article-id custom-type="edn" pub-id-type="custom">mlkcsw</article-id><article-id custom-type="elpub" pub-id-type="custom">neurojour-195</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>ОБЗОРЫ</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>REVIEW</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title>Уровень циркулирующих нейрофиламентов как биомаркёр спинальной мышечной атрофии при генотерапии препаратом онасемноген абепарвовек</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Level of circulating neurofilaments as a biomarker of spinal muscular atrophy during gene therapy with onasemnogene abeparvovec</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9354-6824</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Чудакова</surname><given-names>Дарья Александровна</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Chudakova</surname><given-names>Daria A.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Канд. биол. наук, ст. науч. сотр. лаб. медицинской геномики ФГАУ «НМИЦ здоровья детей» Минздрава России, 119991, Москва, Россия</p><p>e-mail: daria.chudakova.bio@yandex.ru</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>PhD (Medicine), senior researcher, Laboratory of medical genomics, National Medical Research Center for Children’s Health, Moscow, 119991, Russian Federation</p><p>e-mail: daria.chudakova.bio@yandex.ru</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">daria.chudakova.bio@yandex.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8381-8793</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Увакина</surname><given-names>Евгения Владимировна</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Uvakina</surname><given-names>Evgenia V.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Канд. мед. наук, врач-невролог, зав. отд. психоневрологии и нейрореабилитации, зам. директора ФГАУ «НМИЦ здоровья детей» Минздрава России, 119991, Москва, Россия</p><p>e-mail: uvakina.ev@nzcd.ru</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>PhD (Medicine), neurologist, Head, Department of psychoneurology and neurorehabilitation, deputy director of National Medical Research Center for Children’s Health, Moscow, 119991, Russian Federation</p><p>e-mail: uvakina.ev@nczd.ru</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">uvakina.ev@nzcd.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff-1"><aff xml:lang="ru">ФГАУ «Национальный медицинский исследовательский центр здоровья детей» Минздрава России<country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en">National Medical Research Center for Children’s Health<country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date pub-type="collection"><year>2025</year></pub-date><pub-date pub-type="epub"><day>26</day><month>11</month><year>2025</year></pub-date><volume>6</volume><issue>3</issue><fpage>153</fpage><lpage>159</lpage><permissions><copyright-statement>Copyright &amp;#x00A9; Чудакова Д.А., Увакина Е.В., 2025</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2025</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Чудакова Д.А., Увакина Е.В.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Chudakova D.A., Uvakina E.V.</copyright-holder><license license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.</license-p></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://www.neuro-journal.ru/jour/article/view/195">https://www.neuro-journal.ru/jour/article/view/195</self-uri><abstract><p>Цель статьи — анализ современных данных о роли уровня циркулирующих нейрофиламентов как биомаркёра спинальной мышечной атрофии (СМА) при генотерапии препаратом онасемноген абепарвовек. СМА — это орфанное наследственное аутосомно-рецессивное заболевание, обусловленное дефектами гена SMN1, кодирующего белок SMN. При СМА происходит гибель α-мотонейронов спинного мозга, приводящая к прогрессирующей мышечной слабости. Онасемноген абепарвовек — генозаместительная терапия, направленная на восстановление экспрессии белка SMN при СМА. В обзоре подчёркивается необходимость формирования панели биомаркёров для оценки тяжести СМА и эффективности терапии, поскольку клинические методы часто недостаточно чувствительны для мониторинга ответа на лечение. Нейрофиламенты — структурные белки аксонов, высвобождающиеся при повреждении нейронов, рассматриваются как перспективные биомаркеры, которые отражают степень нейродегенерации и динамику заболевания. На сегодняшний день количество исследований, посвящённых использованию циркулирующих нейрофиламентов при СМА при терапии препаратом онасемноген абепарвовек, невелико, что требует дальнейших клинических и лабораторных исследований для подтверждения их значимости. Обзор систематизирует данные о молекулярно-генетических основах патогенеза СМА, существующей на данный момент терапии и потенциале нейрофиламентов как биомаркёров при генотерапии препаратом онасемноген абепарвовек. Сделан вывод о необходимости дальнейших исследований в этой области для оптимизации персонализированного подхода к лечению пациентов со СМА.</p><sec><title>Участие авторов</title><p>Участие авторов:Чудакова Д.А. — концепция, сбор материала и обработка данных, обзор публикаций по теме, написание текста, редактирование статьи;Увакина Е.И. — концепция и дизайн статьи, обзор публикаций по теме, написание текста, редактирование.Все соавторы — утверждение окончательного варианта статьи, ответственность за целостность всех частей статьи.</p></sec><sec><title>Финансирование</title><p>Финансирование. Работа выполнена в рамках реализации государственного задания и проведения научно-исследовательской работы «Изучение этиологических особенностей редких болезней, имеющих патогенетическую терапию» № 1220032300501-0.</p></sec><sec><title>Конфликт интересов</title><p>Конфликт интересов. Авторы декларируют отсутствие явных и потенциальных конфликтов интересов в связи с публикацией данной статьи.</p></sec><sec><title>Поступила 02</title><p>Поступила 02.09.2025Принята к печати 16.09.2025Опубликована 31.10.2025</p></sec></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="en"><p>The aim of the study is to analyze all current data on the role of the level of circulating neurofilament as a biomarker for spinal muscular atrophy (SMA) during gene therapy with onasemnogene abeparvovec. SMA is an orphan, inherited autosomal recessive disorder caused by defects in the SMN1 gene, which encodes the SMN protein. SMA is characterized by the loss of alpha motor neurons in the spinal cord, leading to progressive muscle weakness. Onasemnogene abeparvovec is a gene therapy aimed at restoring SMN protein expression in SMA. The review emphasizes the need to develop a panel of biomarkers to assess the severity of SMA and the effectiveness of therapy, as clinical methods are often insufficiently sensitive for monitoring treatment response. Neurofilaments, structural proteins of axons released during neuronal damage are considered promising biomarkers reflecting the degree of neurodegeneration and disease course. However, to date, the number of studies examining the use of circulating neurofilaments in SMA therapy with onasemnogene abeparvovec is limited, requiring further clinical and laboratory studies to confirm their significance. This review systematizes existing data on the molecular genetic basis of SMA pathogenesis, current treatments, and the potential of neurofilaments as biomarkers in gene therapy with onasemnogene abeparvovec. It concludes that further research in this area is needed to optimize a personalized approach to treating patients with SMA.</p><sec><title>Contribution</title><p>Contribution:Chudakova D.A. — concept, material collection and data processing, review of publications on the topic, writing the text, article editing;Uvakina E.V. — concept and design of the article, review of publications on the topic, writing the text, article editing.All co-authors — approval of the final version of the manuscript, responsibility for the integrity of all parts of the manuscript.</p></sec><sec><title>Funding</title><p>Funding. The work was carried out as part of the implementation of the state task and the research work “Study of the etiological features of rare diseases with pathogenetic therapy” № 1220032300501-0.</p></sec><sec><title>Conflict of interest</title><p>Conflict of interest. The authors declare no conflict of interest.</p></sec><sec><title>Received</title><p>Received: September 2, 2025Accepted: September 16, 2025Published: October 31, 2025</p></sec></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>спинальная мышечная атрофия</kwd><kwd>онасемноген абепарвовек</kwd><kwd>нейрофиламенты</kwd><kwd>обзор</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>spinal muscular atrophy</kwd><kwd>onasemnogene abeparvovec</kwd><kwd>neurofilaments</kwd><kwd>review</kwd></kwd-group></article-meta></front><back><ref-list><title>References</title><ref id="cit1"><label>1</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Yeo C.J.J., Darras B.T. Overturning the paradigm of spinal muscular atrophy as just a motor neuron disease. Pediatr. Neurol. 2020; 109: 12–9. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.pediatrneurol.2020.01.003</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Yeo C.J.J., Darras B.T. Overturning the paradigm of spinal muscular atrophy as just a motor neuron disease. Pediatr. 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