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<article article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.3" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xml:lang="ru"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">neurojour</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="ru">Неврологический журнал имени Л.О. Бадаляна</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>L.O. Badalyan Neurological Journal</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn pub-type="ppub">2686-8997</issn><issn pub-type="epub">2712-794X</issn><publisher><publisher-name>ФГАУ «НМИЦ здоровья детей» Минздрава России</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.46563/2686-8997-2025-6-2-85-97</article-id><article-id custom-type="edn" pub-id-type="custom">bqwkst</article-id><article-id custom-type="elpub" pub-id-type="custom">neurojour-184</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>ОРИГИНАЛЬНЫЕ СТАТЬИ</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>ORIGINAL ARTICLES</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title>Клиническая и молекулярно-генетическая характеристика 19 российских пациентов с синдромом Нунан, обусловленным вариантами в гене RAF1</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Clinical and molecular genetic characteristics of 19 Russian patients with Noonan syndrome caused by variants in the RAF1</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7784-2837</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Каверина</surname><given-names>Валентина Геннадьевна</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Kaverina</surname><given-names>Valentina G.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Мл. науч. сотр., врач-педиатр ФГАУ «НМИЦ здоровья детей» Минздрава России, 119991, Москва, Россия</p><p>e-mail: coverina.v@yandex.ru</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Junior researcher, pediatrician, National Medical Research Center for Children’s Health, Moscow, 119991, Russian Federation</p><p>e-mail: coverina.v@yandex.ru</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">coverina.v@yandex.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0890-7849</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Гандаева</surname><given-names>Лейла Ахатовна</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Gandaeva</surname><given-names>Leila A.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Канд. мед. наук, ведущ. науч. сотр., врач детский кардиолог ФГАУ «НМИЦ здоровья детей» Минздрава России, 119991, Москва, Россия</p><p>e-mail: dr.gandaeva@gmail.com</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>PhD (Medicine), leading researcher, pediatric cardiologist, National Medical Research Center for Children’s Health, Moscow, 119991, Russian Federation</p><p>e-mail: dr.gandaeva@gmail.com</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">dr.gandaeva@gmail.com</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0144-2885</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Басаргина</surname><given-names>Елена Николаевна</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Basargina</surname><given-names>Elena N.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Доктор мед. наук, профессор, гл. науч. сотр., зав. отделением кардиологии ФГАУ «НМИЦ здоровья детей» Минздрава России, 119991, Москва, Россия</p><p>e-mail: basargina@nczd.ru</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>DSc (Medicine), Professor, chief researcher, Head, Department of Cardiology, National Medical Research Center for Children’s Health, Moscow, 119991, Russian Federation</p><p>e-mail: basargina@nczd.ru</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">basargina@nczd.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-2"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5978-854X</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Давыдова</surname><given-names>Юлия Игоревна</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Davydova</surname><given-names>Julia I.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Мл. науч. сотр., врач-генетик ФГАУ «НМИЦ здоровья детей» Минздрава России, 119991, Москва, Россия</p><p>e-mail: davydova.iui@nczd.ru</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Junior researcher, geneticist, Laboratory of medical genomics, National Medical Research Center for Children’s Health, Moscow, 119991, Russian Federation</p><p>e-mail: davydova.iui@nczd.ru</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">davydova.iui@nczd.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6648-2063</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Пушков</surname><given-names>Александр Алексеевич</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Pushkov</surname><given-names>Aleksandr A.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Канд. биол. наук, вед. науч. сотр. лаб. медицинской геномики ФГАУ «НМИЦ здоровья детей» Минздрава России, 119991, Москва, Россия</p><p>e-mail: pushkovaa@nczd.ru</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>PhD (Biology), leading researcher, Laboratory of medical genomics, National Medical Research Center for Children’s Health, Moscow, 119991, Russian Federation</p><p>e-mail: pushkovaa@nczd.ru</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">pushkovaa@nczd.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4885-4171</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Савостьянов</surname><given-names>Кирилл Викторович</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Savostyanov</surname><given-names>Kirill V.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Доктор биол. наук, рук. Медико-генетического центра и лаборатории медицинской геномики ФГАУ «НМИЦ здоровья детей» Минздрава России, 119991, Москва, Россия</p><p>e-mail: 7443333@gmail.com</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>DSc (Biology), Head, Medical Genetic Center and Laboratory of medical genomics, National Medical Research Center for Children’s Health, Moscow, 119991, Russian Federation</p><p>e-mail: 7443333@gmail.com</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">7443333@gmail.com</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff-1"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>ФГАУ «Национальный медицинский исследовательский центр здоровья детей» Минздрава России</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>National Medical Research Center for Children’s Health</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff-2"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>ФГАУ «Национальный медицинский исследовательский центр здоровья детей» Минздрава России; Клинический институт детского здоровья им. Н.Ф. Филатова ФГАОУ ВО «Первый Московский государственный медицинский университет им. И.М. Сеченова» Минздрава России (Сеченовский Университет)</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>National Medical Research Center for Children’s Health; Filatov Clinical Institute of Children’s Health at the Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University (Sechenov University)</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date pub-type="collection"><year>2025</year></pub-date><pub-date pub-type="epub"><day>26</day><month>08</month><year>2025</year></pub-date><volume>6</volume><issue>2</issue><fpage>85</fpage><lpage>97</lpage><permissions><copyright-statement>Copyright &amp;#x00A9; ФГАУ «НМИЦ здоровья детей» Минздрава России, 2025</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2025</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">ФГАУ «НМИЦ здоровья детей» Минздрава России</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">ФГАУ «НМИЦ здоровья детей» Минздрава России</copyright-holder><license xlink:href="https://www.neuro-journal.ru/jour/about/submissions#copyrightNotice" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>https://www.neuro-journal.ru/jour/about/submissions#copyrightNotice</license-p></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://www.neuro-journal.ru/jour/article/view/184">https://www.neuro-journal.ru/jour/article/view/184</self-uri><abstract><sec><title>Введение</title><p>Введение. RAS-патии — уникальная группа заболеваний с мультисистемным характером поражения. В структуре RAS-патий каузальные генетические варианты гена RAF1 являются наиболее частой причиной гипертрофической кардиомиопатии. Среди всех зарегистрированных вариантов гена RAF1 миссенс-вариант c.770C&gt;T, p.S257L составляет примерно 50% случаев заболевания. В связи с гетерогенностью клинических проявлений у пациентов с патогенными вариантами гена RAF1 установление клинико-генетических особенностей остаётся актуальным.</p><p>Цель исследования — установить клинические и молекулярно-генетические характеристики российских детей с синдромом Нунан, обусловленным вариантами гена RAF1.</p></sec><sec><title>Материалы и методы</title><p>Материалы и методы. Одноцентровое ретроспективно-проспективное когортное исследование выборки из 98 пациентов с RAS-патиями в возрасте от 1 мес до 18 лет.</p></sec><sec><title>Результаты</title><p>Результаты. У 19 (19,0%) из 98 пациентов с RAS-патиями выявлены каузальные варианты в гене RAF1. Все генетические варианты, обнаруженные в гене RAF1, локализуются в кластерной части гена в домене CR2. Вариант c.770C&gt;T, p.S257L являлся причиной заболевания в 10,22% случаев диагностированных нами RAS-патий и у 52,6% детей с вариантами гена RAF1. У всех пациентов с вариантами гена RAF1 уже с первых месяцев жизни отмечались характерные экстракардиальные признаки синдрома Нунан. Гипертрофия миокарда присутствовала у всех пациентов, у подавляющего большинства (89,4%) — с обструкцией выходного тракта левого желудочка. При анализе динамики ремоделирования чаще (78,9%) отмечены случаи прогрессирования гипертрофии. У 57,8% пациентов было зафиксировано одно из неблагоприятных сердечно-сосудистых событий. Для пациентов с вариантом c.770C&gt;T, p.S257L характерно более тяжёлое течение хронической сердечной недостаточности (p = 0,104) с высоким уровнем NTproBNP (p = 0,003) и градиента давления выходного тракта левого желудочка (p = 0,040).</p></sec><sec><title>Заключение</title><p>Заключение. Дети с вариантами гена RAF1 демонстрируют классический фенотип синдрома Нунан с наиболее тяжёлым поражением сердечно-сосудистой системы и нуждаются в комплексном обследовании и динамическом с привлечением специалистов различных профилей.</p><p>Соблюдение этических стандартов. Исследование одобрено локальным независимым этическим комитетом при ФГАУ «НМИЦ здоровья детей» Минздрава России, выписка из протокола № 4 от 28.04.2022.</p></sec><sec><title>Участие авторов</title><p>Участие авторов:Каверина В.Г. — написание текста;Гандаева Л.А. — концепция, редактирование текста;Басаргина Е.Н. — концепция, редактирование текста;Давыдова Ю.И. — редактирование текста;Пушков А.А. — редактирование текста;Савостьянов К.В. — концепция, редактирование текста.Все соавторы — утверждение окончательного варианта статьи, ответственность за целостность всех частей статьи.</p></sec><sec><title>Финансирование</title><p>Финансирование. Исследование не имело спонсорской поддержки.</p></sec><sec><title>Конфликт интересов</title><p>Конфликт интересов. Авторы статьи подтверждают отсутствия конфликта интересов.</p></sec><sec><title>Поступила 03</title><p>Поступила 03.06.2025Принята к печати 10.07.2025Опубликована 20.08.2025</p></sec></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="en"><sec><title>Introduction</title><p>Introduction. RASopathy pathologies are a unique group of diseases with a multisystem lesion. In the structure of RASopathy, causal genetic variants of the RAF1 are the most common cause of HCM. Among all registered variants of the RAF1, the variant c.770C&gt;T, p.S257L accounts for approximately 50% of cases. Due to the heterogeneity of clinical manifestations in patients with pathogenic variants of the RAF1 gene, the establishment of clinical and genetic features remains an urgent task.</p></sec><sec><title>The aim of the study</title><p>The aim of the study. To establish clinical and molecular genetic characteristics of Russian children with Noonan syndrome caused by variants of the RAF1 gene.</p></sec><sec><title>Materials and methods</title><p>Materials and methods. Single-center retrospective and prospective cohort study of a sample of ninety eight RASopathy patients aged from 1 month to 18 years.</p></sec><sec><title>Results</title><p>Results. In 19 of 98 patients with RASopathy, there were detected causal variants in the RAF1 gene, which amounted to 19.0%. All genetic variants detected in the RAF1 gene are localized in the cluster part of the gene in the CR2 domain. The c.770C&gt;T, p.S257L variant was the cause of the disease in 10.22% of cases of all RASopathy diagnosed by us and 52.6% of cases of all children with RAF1 gene variants. All patients with RAF1 gene variants showed characteristic extracardiac signs of Noonan syndrome from the first months of life. Myocardial hypertrophy (MCH) was present in all patients, in the vast majority (89.4%) — with LVOT obstruction. When analyzing the course of remodeling, cases of MCH progression were more often noted (78.9%). In 35.7% of patients, one of the adverse cardiovascular events was recorded.</p></sec><sec><title>Patients with the c</title><p>Patients with the c.770C &gt;T, p.S257L variant, compared with patients with other genetic variants, already from the first hospitalization demonstrated a more severe phenotype with pronounced signs of HF (p = 0.104), the highest level of NTproBNP (p = 0.003) and LVOTO (p = 0.040).</p></sec><sec><title>Conclusion</title><p>Conclusion. RAF1 gene variants children demonstrate the classic phenotype of Noonan syndrome with the most severe damage to the cardiovascular system and require a comprehensive and dynamic examination with the involvement of specialists of various profiles.</p><p>Compliance with ethical standards. The study was approved by the Local independent ethics committee at the National Medical Research Center for Children’s Health of the Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation (protocol No. 4 dated 04/28/2022).</p></sec><sec><title>Contribution</title><p>Contribution:Kaverina V.G. — writing text;Gandaeva L.A. — concept, editing;Basargina E.N. — concept, editing;Davydova J.I. — editing;Pushkov A.A. — editing;Savostyanov K.V. — concept, editing;All co-authors — approval of the final version of the manuscript, responsibility for the integrity of all parts of the manuscript.</p></sec><sec><title>Funding</title><p>Funding. The study had no sponsorship.</p></sec><sec><title>Conflict of interest</title><p>Conflict of interest. The authors declare no conflict of interest.</p></sec><sec><title>Received</title><p>Received: June 3, 2024Accepted: July 10, 2024Published: August 20, 2025</p></sec></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>синдром Нунан</kwd><kwd>RAS-патия</kwd><kwd>гипертрофическая кардиомиопатия</kwd><kwd>врождённый порок сердца</kwd><kwd>RAF1</kwd><kwd>молекулярно-­генетическая диагностика</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>Noonan syndrome</kwd><kwd>rasopathies</kwd><kwd>hypertrophic cardiomyopathy</kwd><kwd>RAS/MAPK signaling pathway</kwd><kwd>congenital heart defect</kwd><kwd>RAF1</kwd><kwd>molecular genetic diagnosis</kwd></kwd-group></article-meta></front><back><ref-list><title>References</title><ref id="cit1"><label>1</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Rauen K.A. Defining RASopathy. Dis. Model. Mech. 2022; 15(2): dmm049344. https://doi.org/10.1242/dmm.049344</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Rauen K.A. Defining RASopathy. Dis. Model. 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