neurojourНеврологический журнал имени Л.О. БадалянаL.O. Badalyan Neurological Journal2686-89972712-794XФГАУ «НМИЦ здоровья детей» Минздрава России10.46563/2686-8997-2025-6-1-44-54ygztuyneurojour-168Research ArticleОБЗОРЫ ЛИТЕРАТУРЫLITERATURE REVIEWSПоражение периферической нервной системы при ревматоидном артрите: обзор современных данных, диагностические критерии и терапевтические стратегииDamage to the peripheral nervous system in rheumatoid arthritis: a review of current data, diagnostic criteria, and therapeutic strategieshttps://orcid.org/0009-0007-0886-622XМахмутоваБалкия КайржановнаMahmutovaBalkiya K.

Резидент-невропатолог, кафедра неврологии, психиатрии и реабилитологии, НАО «Карагандинский медицинский университет», 100008, Караганда, Республика Казахстан

e-mail: makhmutova.bk@icloud.com

Neurology Resident, Department of Neurology, Psychiatry and Rehabilitation, Karaganda Medical University, Karaganda, 100008, Republic of Kazakhstan

e-mail: makhmutova.bk@icloud.com

makhmutova.bk@icloud.comhttps://orcid.org/0009-0004-3053-8247ОрынбаеваӘсем МәдиқызыOrynbaevaAsem M.

Резидент-невропатолог, кафедра неврологии, психиатрии и реабилитологии, НАО «Карагандинский медицинский университет», 100008, Караганда, Республика Казахстан

e-mail: asem.orynbay.98@bk.ru

Neurology Resident, Department of Neurology, Psychiatry and Rehabilitation, Karaganda Medical University, Karaganda, 100008, Republic of Kazakhstan

e-mail: asem.orynbay.98@bk.ru

asem.orynbay.98@bk.ruhttps://orcid.org/0009-0007-5418-801XПернебайАйгерім НұрлыбекқызыPernebajAigerim N.

Резидент-невропатолог, кафедра неврологии, психиатрии и реабилитологии, НАО «Карагандинский медицинский университет», 100008, Караганда, Республика Казахстан

e-mail: aygerim.pernebay@mail.ru

Neurology Resident, Department of Neurology, Psychiatry and Rehabilitation, Karaganda Medical University, Karaganda, 100008, Republic of Kazakhstan

e-mail: aygerim.pernebay@mail.ru

aygerim.pernebay@mail.ruhttps://orcid.org/0000-0001-6722-1762ГриголашвилиМарина АрчиловнаGrigolashviliMarina A.

Доктор медицинских наук, профессор кафедры неврологии, психиатрии и реабилитологии, НАО «Карагандинский медицинский университет», 100008, Караганда, Республика Казахстан

e-mail: info@qmu.kz

DSc (Medicine), Professor, Department of Neurology, Psychiatry and Rehabilitation, Karaganda Medical University, Karaganda, 100008, Republic of Kazakhstan

e-mail: info@qmu.kz

info@qmu.kzhttps://orcid.org/0000-0002-5883-4791БаттаковаШарбану БаттаковнаBattakovaSharbany B.

Доктор медицинских наук, профессор кафедры неврологии, психиатрии и реабилитологии, НАО «Карагандинский медицинский университет», 100008, Караганда, Республика Казахстан

DSc (Medicine), Professor, Department of Neurology, Psychiatry and Rehabilitation, Karaganda Medical University, Karaganda, 100008, Republic of Kazakhstan

e-mail: info@qmu.kz

noemail@neicon.ruhttps://orcid.org/0000-0003-2249-952XОтарбаеваМарал БалтабаевнаOtarbaevaMaral B.

Доктор медицинских наук, ассоциированный профессор кафедры неврологии, психиатрии и реабилитологии, НАО «Карагандинский медицинский университет», 100008, Караганда, Республика Казахстан

e-mail: info@qmu.kz

DSc (Medicine), Associate Professor, Department of Neurology, Psychiatry and Rehabilitation, Karaganda Medical University, Karaganda, 100008, Republic of Kazakhstan

e-mail: info@qmu.kz

info@qmu.kzНАО «Медицинский университет Караганды»КазахстанKaraganda Medical UniversityKazakhstan202530042025614454Copyright © Махмутова Б.К., Орынбаева Ә.М., Пернебай А.Н., Григолашвили М.А., Баттакова Ш.Б., Отарбаева М.Б., 20252025Махмутова Б.К., Орынбаева Ә.М., Пернебай А.Н., Григолашвили М.А., Баттакова Ш.Б., Отарбаева М.Б.Mahmutova B.K., Orynbaeva A.M., Pernebaj A.N., Grigolashvili M.A., Battakova S.B., Otarbaeva M.B.This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.https://www.neuro-journal.ru/jour/article/view/168

Цель обзора — рассмотрение патогенеза, диагностики и методов лечения периферической нейропатии (ПН) при ревматоидном артрите (РА).

ПН является распространённым осложнением РА, значительно ухудшающим качество жизни пациентов и приводящим к инвалидизации. В статье представлен обзор современных данных о патогенезе, клинических проявлениях, диагностике и лечении ПН при РА. В патогенезе ПН участвуют механизмы, включая васкулит, аутоиммунные реакции, нейрогенное воспаление и компрессию нервов. Клинические проявления ПН разнообразны и включают сенсорные, моторные и вегетативные нарушения. Для диагностики используются клинический осмотр, электронейромиография, ультразвуковое исследование, магнитно-резонансная томография (МРТ) и биопсия нерва. МРТ, включая магнитно-резонансную нейрографию, функциональную МРТ и МРТ-спектроскопию, позволяет визуализировать поражённые нервы, оценить их структуру и функцию, выявить изменения в головном мозге, связанные с болью. Лечение ПН при РА включает контроль основного заболевания с помощью базисных противоревматических препаратов и биологической терапии, а также симптоматическое лечение неврологических проявлений. В случаях васкулитной нейропатии может потребоваться более агрессивная терапия с применением высоких доз глюкокортикоидов и/или цитотоксических препаратов. Для лечения компрессионных нейропатий используются консервативные методы и хирургическое вмешательство. Дополнительная терапия включает препараты, влияющие на нейротрансмиттеры, витамины группы В и α-липоевую кислоту. В последние годы появились данные об эффективности палмитоилэтаноламида и птеростильбена в лечении ПН при РА, однако необходимы дальнейшие исследования для подтверждения их эффективности и безопасности. Несмотря на достигнутый прогресс в понимании ПН при РА, остаются вопросы, требующие дальнейшего изучения, включая разработку более эффективных методов лечения и выявление предикторов развития нейропатии.

Участие авторов

Участие авторов:Махмутова Б.К. — разработка концепции и структуры обзора, анализ литературы по теме, написание разделов обзора, научное редактирование текста;|Орынбаева А.М. — сбор и анализ данных, интерпретация результатов, написание разделов обзора;Пернебай А.Н. — критический анализ литературы, формулирование выводов, участие в обсуждении результатов, научное редактирование текста;Григолашвили М.А. — сбор и анализ данных, участие в обсуждении результатов;Отарбаева М.Б. — анализ литературы, написание разделов обзора, научное редактирование текста;Баттакова Ш.Б. — анализ данных, участие в обсуждении результатов.Все соавторы — утверждение окончательного варианта статьи, ответственность за целостность всех частей статьи.

Финансирование

Финансирование. Исследование не имело спонсорской поддержки.

Конфликт интересов

Конфликт интересов. Авторы заявляют об отсутствии конфликта интересов.

Поступила 22

Поступила 22.09.2024Принята к печати 28.01.2025Опубликована 30.04.2025

Aim of the review — to summarize current data on the pathogenesis, clinical manifestations, diagnosis, and treatment of peripheral neuropathy in patients with rheumatoid arthritis.

Peripheral neuropathy (PN) is a common complication of rheumatoid arthritis (RA), significantly impairing patients’ quality of life and leading to disability. This article provides an overview of current data on the pathogenesis, clinical manifestations, diagnosis, and treatment of PN in RA. Mechanisms involved in the pathogenesis of PN include vasculitis, autoimmune responses, neurogenic inflammation, and nerve compression. Clinical manifestations of PN are diverse and include sensory, motor, and autonomic disorders. Diagnosis involves clinical examination, electroneuromyography, ultrasound, magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), and nerve biopsy. MRI, including magnetic resonance neurography, functional MRI, and MRI spectroscopy, allows visualization of affected nerves, assessment of their structure and function, as well as detection of brain changes associated with pain. Treatment of PN in RA includes control of the underlying disease with disease-modifying antirheumatic drugs (DMARDs) and biologic therapy, as well as symptomatic treatment of neurological manifestations. In cases of vasculitic neuropathy, more aggressive therapy with high doses of glucocorticoids and/or cytotoxic drugs may be required. Conservative methods and surgical intervention are used to treat compressive neuropathies. Additional therapy includes drugs affecting neurotransmitters, B vitamins, and α-lipoic acid. In recent years, data have emerged on the effectiveness of palmitoylethanolamide and pterostilbene in the treatment of PN in RA, but further research is needed to confirm their efficacy and safety. Despite the progress made in understanding PN in RA, questions remain that require further study, including the development of more effective treatments and the identification of predictors of the development of neuropathy.

Contribution

Contribution:Makhmutova B.K. — development of the concept and structure of the review, analysis of literature on the topic, writing of review sections, editing of the text;Orynbaeva A.M. — collection and analysis of data, interpretation of results, writing of review sections;Pernebay A.N. — critical analysis of literature, formulation of conclusions, participation in the discussion of results, editing of the text;Grigolashvili M.A. — collection and analysis of data, participation in the discussion of results;Otarbaeva M.B. — analysis of literature, writing of review sections, editing of the text;Battakova Sh.B. — analysis of data, participation in the discussion of results.All co-authors are responsible for the integrity of all parts of the manuscript and approval of its final version.

Acknowledgements

Acknowledgements. The study had no sponsorship.

Conflict of interest

Conflict of interest. The authors declare no conflict of interest.

Received

Received: September 22, 2024Accepted: January 28, 2025Published: April 30, 2025

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The authors declare that there are no conflicts of interest present.