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<article article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.3" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xml:lang="ru"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">neurojour</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="ru">Неврологический журнал имени Л.О. Бадаляна</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>L.O. Badalyan Neurological Journal</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn pub-type="ppub">2686-8997</issn><issn pub-type="epub">2712-794X</issn><publisher><publisher-name>ФГАУ «НМИЦ здоровья детей» Минздрава России</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.46563/2686-8997-2024-5-2-99-107</article-id><article-id custom-type="edn" pub-id-type="custom">xsvicq</article-id><article-id custom-type="elpub" pub-id-type="custom">neurojour-139</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>ОРИГИНАЛЬНЫЕ ИССЛЕДОВАНИЯ</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>ORIGINAL INVESTIGATIONS</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title>Факторы риска неврологических нарушений в раннем возрасте у недоношенных детей с разным сроком гестации</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Risk factors for neurological disorders at an early age in premature babies with different gestational ages</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7010-3724</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Жевнеронок</surname><given-names>Ирина Владимировна</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Zhаuniaronak</surname><given-names>Irina V.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Канд. мед. наук, доцент, зав. 2-ой кафедрой детских болезней Белорусского государственного медицинского университета, гл. внештатный специалист Минздрава Республики Беларусь по наследственным нервно-мышечным заболеваниям у детей, 220083, г. Минск, Республика Беларусь</p><p>e-mail: childill2@bsmu.by</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>MD, PhD, Docent, Head of the 2nd Department of Childhood Diseases, Belarusian State Medical University, Сhief specialist of the Ministry of Health of the Republic of Belarus on hereditary neuromuscular diseases in children, Minsk, 220083, Republic of Belarus</p><p>e-mail: ira_jevner@tut.by, childill2@bsmu.by</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">childill2@bsmu.by</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Смычёк</surname><given-names>Василий Борисович</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Smychek</surname><given-names>Vasily B.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Доктор медицинских наук, профессор, заслуженный деятель науки Республики Беларусь, директор ГУ «Республиканский научно-практический центр медицинской экспертизы и реабилитации»</p><p>e-mail: priemnaia.meir@mail.ru</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>MD, PhD, DSci., Professor, Honoured Scientist of the Republic of Belarus, Director of the Republican Scientific and Practical Center for Medical Expertise and Rehabilitation, Minsk, 223027, Republic of Belarus</p><p>e-mail: priemnaia.meir@mail.ru</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">priemnaia.meir@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-2"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff-1"><aff xml:lang="ru">Белорусский государственный медицинский университет<country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en">Belarusian State Medical University<country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff-2"><aff xml:lang="ru">Республиканский научно-практический центр медицинской экспертизы и реабилитации<country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en">Republican Scientific and Practical Center for Medical Expertise and Rehabilitation<country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date pub-type="collection"><year>2024</year></pub-date><pub-date pub-type="epub"><day>16</day><month>08</month><year>2024</year></pub-date><volume>5</volume><issue>2</issue><fpage>99</fpage><lpage>107</lpage><permissions><copyright-statement>Copyright &amp;#x00A9; Жевнеронок И.В., Смычёк В.Б., 2024</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2024</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Жевнеронок И.В., Смычёк В.Б.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Zhаuniaronak I.V., Smychek V.B.</copyright-holder><license license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.</license-p></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://www.neuro-journal.ru/jour/article/view/139">https://www.neuro-journal.ru/jour/article/view/139</self-uri><abstract><sec><title>Введение</title><p>Введение. Высокая заболеваемость, смертность недоношенных детей, неврологические и соматические нарушения, приводящие к инвалидности, обусловливают поиск ранних маркеров и предикторов нарушений развития в раннем возрасте и разработку системы профилактических мероприятий, медицинской реабилитации и абилитации в зависимости от срока гестации недоношенного ребёнка при рождении.</p><p>Цель исследования — сравнить факторы риска в неонатальном периоде по развитию неврологических нарушений в раннем возрасте в группах недоношенных новорождённых с учётом срока гестации при рождении.</p></sec><sec><title>Материалы и методы</title><p>Материалы и методы. Выполнено ретроспективно-проспективное исследование. В исследование взято 212 недоношенных детей, рождённых в сроке 26–37 нед гестации. Сформированы 4 группы в зависимости от срока гестации при рождении: до 28 нед (n = 36), 28–31 (n = 51), 32–33 (n = 55), 34–36 нед (n = 70).</p></sec><sec><title>Результаты</title><p>Результаты. Выявлена высокая частота внутриутробной инфекции у недоношенных (90,1%). Установлены значимые различия и зависимость частоты энцефалопатии недоношенных (ЭФПН) от степени недоношенности (p &lt; 0,001; линейно-линейный ассоциативный тест), при этом даже при поздней недоношенности (34–36 нед) ЭФПН отмечена у 12,9% пациентов. Анализ данных показал, что наличие ЭФПН в неонатальном периоде повышает вероятность инвалидности в раннем возрасте по классу нервных болезней в 22 раза по сравнению с показателем инвалидности у недоношенных без ЭФПН (p &lt; 0,001; критерий Фишера).</p></sec><sec><title>Заключение</title><p>Заключение. Факторы риска отсроченных неврологических нарушений у недоношенных детей значимо различаются и зависят от срока гестации, что необходимо учитывать при разработке превентивных абилитационных программ.</p><p>Соблюдение этических стандартов. Научное исследование одобрено комитетом по этике Белорусской медицинской академии последипломного образования (протокол № 5 от 29.03.2022).</p></sec><sec><title>Участие авторов</title><p>Участие авторов:Жевнеронок И.В. — разработка дизайна и концепции исследования, сбор и обработка данных, статистическая обработка, написание текста статьи, редактирование текста;Смычёк В.Б. — редактирование текста.</p></sec><sec><title>Финансирование</title><p>Финансирование. Исследование не имело спонсорской поддержки.</p></sec><sec><title>Конфликт интересов</title><p>Конфликт интересов. Авторы заявляют об отсутствии конфликта интересов.</p></sec><sec><title>Поступила 25</title><p>Поступила 25.05.2024Принята к печати 17.06.2024Опубликована 31.07.2024</p></sec></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="en"><sec><title>Introduction</title><p>Introduction. The high morbidity and mortality in premature infants, neurological and somatic disorders leading to disability, determine the search for early markers and predictors of developmental disorders at an early age and the development of a system of preventive measures, medical rehabilitation and habilitation, depending on the gestational age in the premature infant at birth. The purpose of the study is to compare neonatal risk factors for the development of neurological disorders at an early age in premature newborns taking into account the gestational age at birth.</p></sec><sec><title>Materials and methods</title><p>Materials and methods. A retrospective-prospective study was performed. The study included two hundred twelve premature babies born between 26th and 37th week of gestation. There were formed four groups depending on the gestational age at birth: up to 28 weeks (n = 36), 28–31 weeks (n = 51), 32–33 weeks (n = 55), 34–36 weeks (n = 70).</p><p>Statistical processing of the research results was carried out using the R system, developed at the Department of Statistics at the University of Auckland, is available under the GNU GPL license and is distributed in the form of source codes and applications.</p></sec><sec><title>Results</title><p>Results. A high incidence of intrauterine infection in premature infants (90.1%) was revealed. Significant differences and dependence of the frequency of encephalopathy of prematurity (ENPP) on the degree of prematurity were established (p&lt; 0.001), while even with late prematurity (34–36 weeks) ENPP was observed in 12.9%. Data analysis showed the presence of ENPP in the neonatal period in premature infants to increase the likelihood of disability at an early age according to the class of nervous diseases by 22 times compared with the disability rate in premature infants without ENPP, Fisher’s p &lt; 0.001.</p></sec><sec><title>Conclusion</title><p>Conclusion. Risk factors for delayed neurological disorders in premature infants vary significantly and depend on gestational age, must be taken into account when developing preventive habilitation programs.</p><p>Compliance with ethical standards. Research work for the academic degree of Doctor of Medical Sciences “Neurological disorders in premature infants: early diagnosis, prediction of outcomes, habilitation”, order of the rector of the Belarusian Medical Academy of Postgraduate Education No. 1301-ob dated October 31, 2019 on enrollment in doctoral studies Zhauniaronak I.V. The study was approved by the ethics committee of the Belarusian Medical Academy of Postgraduate Education, protocol No. 5 dated March 29, 2022.</p></sec><sec><title>Contributions</title><p>Contributions:Zhаuniaronak I.V. — development of research design and concept, data collection and processing, statistical processing, writing the text of the article, text editing;Smychek V.B. — text editing.All co-authors — are responsible for the integrity of all parts of the manuscript and approval of its final version.</p></sec><sec><title>Acknowledgements</title><p>Acknowledgements. The study had no sponsorship.</p></sec><sec><title>Conflict of interest</title><p>Conflict of interest. The authors declare no conflict of interest.</p></sec><sec><title>Received</title><p>Received: May 25, 2024Accepted: June 14, 2024Published: July 31, 2024</p></sec><sec><title> </title><p> </p></sec></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>недоношенные новорождённые</kwd><kwd>неврологические нарушения</kwd><kwd>факторы риска</kwd><kwd>инвалидность</kwd><kwd>ранний возраст</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>premature newborns</kwd><kwd>neurological disorders</kwd><kwd>risk factors</kwd><kwd>disability</kwd><kwd>early age</kwd></kwd-group></article-meta></front><back><ref-list><title>References</title><ref id="cit1"><label>1</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">ВОЗ. Преждевременные роды: основные факты; 2023. https://who.int/ru/news-room/fact-sheets/detail/preterm-birth</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">WHO. 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