<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<!DOCTYPE article PUBLIC "-//NLM//DTD JATS (Z39.96) Journal Publishing DTD v1.3 20210610//EN" "JATS-journalpublishing1-3.dtd">
<article article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.3" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xml:lang="ru"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">neurojour</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="ru">Неврологический журнал имени Л.О. Бадаляна</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>L.O. Badalyan Neurological Journal</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn pub-type="ppub">2686-8997</issn><issn pub-type="epub">2712-794X</issn><publisher><publisher-name>ФГАУ «НМИЦ здоровья детей» Минздрава России</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.46563/2686-8997-2024-5-1-38-44</article-id><article-id custom-type="edn" pub-id-type="custom">yopswn</article-id><article-id custom-type="elpub" pub-id-type="custom">neurojour-129</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>КЛИНИЧЕСКИЕ СЛУЧАИ</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>CLINICAL CASES</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title>Клинический случай ведения пациента с мышечной дистрофией Дюшенна, обусловленной делецией экзонов 50–52 гена DMD, на фоне патогенетической терапии вилтоларсеном</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Clinical case of management of a patient with Duchenne muscular dystrophy caused by deletion of exons 50–52 of the DMD gene against the background of pathogenetic therapy with viltolarsen</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9562-3774</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Кузенкова</surname><given-names>Людмила Михайловна</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Kuzenkova</surname><given-names>Lyudmila M.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Доктор мед. наук, профессор, начальник Центра детской психоневрологии ФГАУ «НМИЦ здоровья детей» Минздрава России, 119991, Москва, Россия</p><p>eLibrary SPIN: 6622-4561</p><p>e-mail: l.kuzenkova@list.ru</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>MD, Ph.D., DSci., Professor, Head, Center for pediatric psychoneurology, National Medical Research Center for Children’s Health, Moscow, 119991, Russian Federation</p><p>e-mail: l.kuzenkova@list.ru</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">l.kuzenkova@list.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6415-156X</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Подклетнова</surname><given-names>Татьяна Владимировна</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Podkletnova</surname><given-names>Tatyana V.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Канд. мед. наук, врач-невролог, ст. науч. сотр. ФГАУ «НМИЦ здоровья детей» Минздрава России, 119991, Москва, Россия</p><p>AuthorID: 535838</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>MD, Ph.D., neurologist, senior researcher, National Medical Research Center for Children’s Health, Moscow, 119991, Russian Federation</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">noemail@neicon.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-2"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8381-8793</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Увакина</surname><given-names>Евгения Владимировна</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Uvakina</surname><given-names>Evgenia V.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Врач-невролог, мл. науч. сотр. отделения психоневрологии и нейрореабилитации ФГАУ «НМИЦ здоровья детей» Минздрава России, 119991, Москва, Россия</p><p>eLibrary SPIN: 9422-8519</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Neurologist, junior researcher, Department of psychoneurology and neurorehabilitation, National Medical Research Center for Children’s Health, Moscow, 119991, Russian Federation</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">noemail@neicon.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-2"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9697-500X</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Попович</surname><given-names>София Георгиевна</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Popovich</surname><given-names>Sofia G.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Врач-невролог, мл. науч. сотр. отделения психоневрологии и нейрореабилитации ФГАУ «НМИЦ здоровья детей» Минздрава России, 119991, Москва, Россия</p><p>eLibrary SPIN: 2157-7709</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Neurologist, junior researcher, Department of psychoneurology and neurorehabilitation, National Medical Research Center for Children’s Health, Moscow, 119991, Russian Federation</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">noemail@neicon.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-2"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0009-0001-4269-793X</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Андреенко</surname><given-names>Наталья Владимировна</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Andreenko</surname><given-names>Nataliya V.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Канд. мед.  наук, врач-невролог отделения психоневрологии и нейрореабилитации ФГАУ «НМИЦ здоровья детей» Минздрава России, 119991, Москва, Россия</p><p>AuthorID: 259924</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Ph.D., neurologist, Department of neuropsychiatry and neurorehabilitation, National Medical Research Center for Children’s Health, Moscow, 119991, Russian Federation</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">noemail@neicon.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-2"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff-1"><aff xml:lang="ru">ФГАУ «Национальный медицинский исследовательский центр здоровья детей» Минздрава России; ФГАОУ ВО «Первый Московский государственный медицинский университет имени И.М. Сеченова» Минздрава России (Сеченовский университет)<country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en">National Medical Research Center for Children’s Health; I.M. Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University<country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff-2"><aff xml:lang="ru">ФГАУ «Национальный медицинский исследовательский центр здоровья детей» Минздрава России<country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en">National Medical Research Center for Children’s Health<country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date pub-type="collection"><year>2024</year></pub-date><pub-date pub-type="epub"><day>23</day><month>04</month><year>2024</year></pub-date><volume>5</volume><issue>1</issue><fpage>38</fpage><lpage>44</lpage><permissions><copyright-statement>Copyright &amp;#x00A9; Кузенкова Л.М., Подклетнова Т.В., Увакина Е.В., Попович С.Г., Андреенко Н.В., 2024</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2024</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Кузенкова Л.М., Подклетнова Т.В., Увакина Е.В., Попович С.Г., Андреенко Н.В.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Kuzenkova L.M., Podkletnova T.V., Uvakina E.V., Popovich S.G., Andreenko N.V.</copyright-holder><license license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.</license-p></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://www.neuro-journal.ru/jour/article/view/129">https://www.neuro-journal.ru/jour/article/view/129</self-uri><abstract><p>Мышечная дистрофия Дюшенна (МДД) является самой частой поясно-конечностной мышечной дистрофией с Х-сцепленным рецессивным типом наследования. Она характеризуется дебютом в раннем возрасте, быстро прогрессирующей атрофией поперечнополосатой мускулатуры конечностей, туловища, поражением сердечной мышцы, что приводит к утере двигательных навыков, тяжёлым сердечно-сосудистым и дыхательным осложнениям.</p><p>В настоящее время появился целый ряд новых лекарственных препаратов для патогенетической терапии МДД, эффективность которых наиболее выражена при ранней инициации терапии в амбулаторной стадии заболевания. Одним из новых методов лечения МДД является терапия антисмысловыми олигонуклеотидами. Назначение данного вида терапии возможно для определённых мутаций в гене DMD и рекомендуется сразу после постановки диагноза. На настоящий момент продолжительность применения данного метода лечения в России составляет всего несколько лет.</p><p>В статье приведён клинический пример наблюдения пациента, страдающего МДД, обусловленной делецией 50–52 экзонов в гене DMD, находящегося на терапии глюкокортикостероидами и патогенетическим препаратом вилтоларсеном. Особенностью представленного случая является позднее назначение вилтоларсена с возраста 9 лет. Результаты наблюдения демонстрируют значимый эффект в виде сохранения двигательных навыков, стабилизации функции сердечно-сосудистой и дыхательной систем, что даёт шанс на замедление течения заболевания, улучшение качества жизни и увеличение её продолжительности даже с учётом поздней инициации патогенетической терапии.</p><sec><title>Участие авторов</title><p>Участие авторов:Кузенкова Л.М. — концепция и дизайн статьи, написание текста, редактирование;Подклетнова Т.В. — концепция и дизайн статьи, написание текста, редактирование;Увакина Е.В. — концепция и дизайн статьи, написание текста, редактирование;Попович С.Г. — редактирование;Андреенко Н.В. — редактирование.Все соавторы — утверждение окончательного варианта статьи, ответственность за целостность всех частей статьи.</p></sec><sec><title>Финансирование</title><p>Финансирование. Исследование не имело спонсорской поддержки.</p></sec><sec><title>Конфликт интересов</title><p>Конфликт интересов. Авторы заявляют об отсутствии конфликта интересов.</p></sec><sec><title>Поступила 01</title><p>Поступила 01.03.2024Принята к печати 30.03.2024Опубликована 27.04.2024</p></sec></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="en"><p>Duchenne muscular dystrophy (DMD) is the most common lumbar-limb muscular dystrophy with an X-linked recessive type of inheritance. It is characterized by a debut at an early age, rapidly progressive atrophy of the striated musculature of the limbs, trunk, heart muscle, which leads to loss of motor skills, severe cardiovascular and respiratory complications.</p><p>Currently, a number of new drugs have appeared for the pathogenic therapy of MDD, the effectiveness of which is the most during its early initiation in the ambulatory stage of the disease. One of the new methods of MDD treatment is antisense oligonucleotide therapy. The application of this type of therapy is possible for certain mutations in the DMD gene and is recommended immediately after diagnosis. At the moment, the duration of this method of treatment in the Russian Federation is only a few years.</p><p>In our article we discuss a clinical case of the study of a patient suffering from Duchenne muscular dystrophy caused by the deletion of 50–52 exons in the DMD gene, who is on therapy with steroids and Viltolarsen.</p><p>A special feature of the case is the late application of Viltolarsen from the age of 9 years. The results of the observation demonstrate a significant effect in stabilization of motor skills, of the functioning of the cardiovascular and respiratory systems, which gives a chance to slow down the course of the disease, improve the quality of life and increase its duration, even taking into account the late initiation of pathogenic therapy.</p><sec><title>Contribution</title><p>Contribution:Kuzenkova L.M. — concept and design of the study, writing the text, editing;Podkletnova T.V. — concept and design of the study, writing the text, editing;Uvakina E.V. — concept and design of the study, writing the text, editing;Popovich S.G. — editing;Andreenko N.V. — editing;GlobA O.V. — editing.All authors approval of the final version of the article, responsibility for the integrity of all parts of the article.</p></sec><sec><title>Acknowledgements</title><p>Acknowledgements. The study had no sponsorship.</p></sec><sec><title>Conflict of interest</title><p>Conflict of interest. The authors declare no conflict of interest.</p></sec><sec><title>Received</title><p>Received: March 1, 2024Accepted: March 30, 2024Published: April 27, 2024</p></sec></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>мышечная дистрофия Дюшенна</kwd><kwd>дети</kwd><kwd>ранняя диагностика</kwd><kwd>патогенетическая терапия</kwd><kwd>антисмысловые олигонуклеотиды</kwd><kwd>вилтоларсен</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>Duchenne muscular dystrophy</kwd><kwd>children</kwd><kwd>early diagnosis</kwd><kwd>pathogenetic therapy</kwd><kwd>antisense oligonucleotides</kwd><kwd>viltolarsen</kwd></kwd-group></article-meta></front><back><ref-list><title>References</title><ref id="cit1"><label>1</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Guiraud S., Chen H., Burns D.T., Davies K.E. Advances in genetic therapeutic strategies for Duchenne muscular dystrophy. Exp. Physiol. 2015; 100(12): 1458–67. https://doi.org/10.1113/EP085308</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Guiraud S., Chen H., Burns D.T., Davies K.E. Advances in genetic therapeutic strategies for Duchenne muscular dystrophy. Exp. Physiol. 2015; 100(12): 1458–67. https://doi.org/10.1113/EP085308</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit2"><label>2</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Hoffman E.P., Brown R.H. Jr., Kunkel L.M. Dystrophin: the protein product of the Duchenne muscular dystrophy locus. Cell. 1987; 51(6): 919–28. https://doi.org/10.1016/0092-8674(87)90579-4</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Hoffman E.P., Brown R.H. Jr., Kunkel L.M. Dystrophin: the protein product of the Duchenne muscular dystrophy locus. Cell. 1987; 51(6): 919–28. https://doi.org/10.1016/0092-8674(87)90579-4</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit3"><label>3</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Stone M.R., O’Neill A., Catino D., Bloch R.J. Specific interaction of the actin-binding domain of dystrophin with intermediate filaments containing keratin 19. Mol. Biol. Cell. 2005; 16(9): 4280–93. https://doi.org/10.1091/mbc.e05-02-0112</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Stone M.R., O’Neill A., Catino D., Bloch R.J. Specific interaction of the actin-binding domain of dystrophin with intermediate filaments containing keratin 19. Mol. Biol. Cell. 2005; 16(9): 4280–93. https://doi.org/10.1091/mbc.e05-02-0112</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit4"><label>4</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Gao Q.Q., McNally E.M. The dystrophin complex: structure, function, and implications for therapy. Compr. Physiol. 2015; 5(3): 1223–39. https://doi.org/10.1002/cphy.c140048</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Gao Q.Q., McNally E.M. The dystrophin complex: structure, function, and implications for therapy. Compr. Physiol. 2015; 5(3): 1223–39. https://doi.org/10.1002/cphy.c140048</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit5"><label>5</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Kharraz Y., Guerra J., Pessina P., Serrano A.L., Muñoz-Cánoves P. Understanding the process of fibrosis in Duchenne muscular dystrophy. Biomed. Res. Int. 2014; 2014: 965631. https://doi.org/10.1155/2014/965631</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Kharraz Y., Guerra J., Pessina P., Serrano A.L., Muñoz-Cánoves P. Understanding the process of fibrosis in Duchenne muscular dystrophy. Biomed. Res. Int. 2014; 2014: 965631. https://doi.org/10.1155/2014/965631</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit6"><label>6</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Ryder S., Leadley R.M., Armstrong N., Westwood M., de Kock S., Butt T., et al. The burden, epidemiology, costs and treatment for Duchenne muscular dystrophy: an evidence review. Orphanet. J. Rare Dis. 2017; 12(1): 79. https://doi.org/10.1186/s13023-017-0631-3</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Ryder S., Leadley R.M., Armstrong N., Westwood M., de Kock S., Butt T., et al. The burden, epidemiology, costs and treatment for Duchenne muscular dystrophy: an evidence review. Orphanet. J. Rare Dis. 2017; 12(1): 79. https://doi.org/10.1186/s13023-017-0631-3</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit7"><label>7</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Duan D., Goemans N., Takeda S., Mercuri E., Aartsma-Rus A. Duchenne muscular dystrophy. Nat. Rev. Dis. Primers. 2021; 7(1): 13. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41572-021-00248-3</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Duan D., Goemans N., Takeda S., Mercuri E., Aartsma-Rus A. Duchenne muscular dystrophy. Nat. Rev. Dis. Primers. 2021; 7(1): 13. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41572-021-00248-3</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit8"><label>8</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Hibma J.E., Jayachandran P., Neelakantan S., Harnisch L.O. Disease progression modeling of the North Star Ambulatory Assessment for Duchenne muscular dystrophy. CPT Pharmacometrics Syst. Pharmacol. 2023; 12(3): 375–86. https://doi.org/10.1002/psp4.12921</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Hibma J.E., Jayachandran P., Neelakantan S., Harnisch L.O. Disease progression modeling of the North Star Ambulatory Assessment for Duchenne muscular dystrophy. CPT Pharmacometrics Syst. Pharmacol. 2023; 12(3): 375–86. https://doi.org/10.1002/psp4.12921</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit9"><label>9</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Takeuchi F., Komaki H., Nakamura H., Yonemoto N., Kashiwabara K., Kimura E., et al. Trends in steroid therapy for Duchenne muscular dystrophy in Japan. Muscle Nerve. 2016; 54(4): 673–80. https://doi.org/10.1002/mus.25083</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Takeuchi F., Komaki H., Nakamura H., Yonemoto N., Kashiwabara K., Kimura E., et al. Trends in steroid therapy for Duchenne muscular dystrophy in Japan. Muscle Nerve. 2016; 54(4): 673–80. https://doi.org/10.1002/mus.25083</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit10"><label>10</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Bello L., Gordish-Dressman H., Morgenroth L.P., Henricson E.K., Duong T., Hoffman E.P., et al. Prednisone/prednisolone and deflazacort regimens in the CINRG Duchenne Natural History Study. Neurology. 2015; 85(12): 1048–55. https://doi.org/10.1212/WNL.0000000000001950</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Bello L., Gordish-Dressman H., Morgenroth L.P., Henricson E.K., Duong T., Hoffman E.P., et al. Prednisone/prednisolone and deflazacort regimens in the CINRG Duchenne Natural History Study. Neurology. 2015; 85(12): 1048–55. https://doi.org/10.1212/WNL.0000000000001950</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit11"><label>11</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Takeuchi F., Komaki H., Nakamura H., Yonemoto N., Kashiwabara K., Kimura E., et al. Trends in steroid therapy for Duchenne muscular dystrophy in Japan. Muscle Nerve. 2016; 54(4): 673–80. https://doi.org/10.1002/mus.25083</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Takeuchi F., Komaki H., Nakamura H., Yonemoto N., Kashiwabara K., Kimura E., et al. Trends in steroid therapy for Duchenne muscular dystrophy in Japan. Muscle Nerve. 2016; 54(4): 673–80. https://doi.org/10.1002/mus.25083</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit12"><label>12</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Aartsma-Rus A., Straub V., Hemmings R., Haas M., Schlosser-Weber G., Stoyanova-Beninska V., et al. Development of exon skipping therapies for Duchenne muscular dystrophy: a critical review and a perspective on the outstanding issues. Nucleic. Acid. Ther. 2017; 27(5): 251–9. https://doi.org/10.1089/nat.2017.0682</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Aartsma-Rus A., Straub V., Hemmings R., Haas M., Schlosser-Weber G., Stoyanova-Beninska V., et al. Development of exon skipping therapies for Duchenne muscular dystrophy: a critical review and a perspective on the outstanding issues. Nucleic. Acid. Ther. 2017; 27(5): 251–9. https://doi.org/10.1089/nat.2017.0682</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit13"><label>13</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Frank D.E., Schnell F.J., Akana C., El-Husayni S.H., Desjardins C.A., Morgan J., et al. Increased dystrophin production with golodirsen in patients with Duchenne muscular dystrophy. Neurology. 2020; 94(21): e2270–82. https://doi.org/10.1212/WNL.0000000000009233</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Frank D.E., Schnell F.J., Akana C., El-Husayni S.H., Desjardins C.A., Morgan J., et al. Increased dystrophin production with golodirsen in patients with Duchenne muscular dystrophy. Neurology. 2020; 94(21): e2270–82. https://doi.org/10.1212/WNL.0000000000009233</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit14"><label>14</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Mercuri E., Muntoni F., Osorio A.N., Tulinius M., Buccella F., Morgenroth L.P., et al. Safety and effectiveness of ataluren: comparison of results from the STRIDE Registry and CINRG DMD Natural History Study. J. Comp. Eff. Res. 2020; 9(5): 341–60. https://doi.org/10.2217/cer-2019-0171</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Mercuri E., Muntoni F., Osorio A.N., Tulinius M., Buccella F., Morgenroth L.P., et al. Safety and effectiveness of ataluren: comparison of results from the STRIDE Registry and CINRG DMD Natural History Study. J. Comp. Eff. Res. 2020; 9(5): 341–60. https://doi.org/10.2217/cer-2019-0171</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit15"><label>15</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Clemens P.R., Rao V.K., Connolly A.M., Harper A.D., Mah J.K., Smith E.C., et al. Safety, tolerability, and efficacy of viltolarsen in boys with Duchenne muscular dystrophy amenable to exon 53 skipping: a phase 2 randomized clinical trial. JAMA Neurol. 2020; 77(8): 982–91. https://doi.org/10.1001/jamaneurol.2020.1264</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Clemens P.R., Rao V.K., Connolly A.M., Harper A.D., Mah J.K., Smith E.C., et al. Safety, tolerability, and efficacy of viltolarsen in boys with Duchenne muscular dystrophy amenable to exon 53 skipping: a phase 2 randomized clinical trial. JAMA Neurol. 2020; 77(8): 982–91. https://doi.org/10.1001/jamaneurol.2020.1264</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit16"><label>16</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Frank D.E., Schnell F.J., Akana C., El-Husayni S.H., Desjardins C.A., Morgan J., et al. Increased dystrophin production with golodirsen in patients with Duchenne muscular dystrophy. Neurology. 2020; 94(21): e2270–82. https://doi.org/10.1212/WNL.0000000000009233</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Frank D.E., Schnell F.J., Akana C., El-Husayni S.H., Desjardins C.A., Morgan J., et al. Increased dystrophin production with golodirsen in patients with Duchenne muscular dystrophy. Neurology. 2020; 94(21): e2270–82. https://doi.org/10.1212/WNL.0000000000009233</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit17"><label>17</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Birnkrant D.J., Bushby K., Bann C.M., Apkon S.D., Blackwell A., Brumbaugh D., et al. Diagnosis and management of Duchenne muscular dystrophy, part 1: diagnosis, and neuromuscular, rehabilitation, endocrine, and gastrointestinal and nutritional management. Lancet Neurol. 2018; 17(3): 251–67. https://doi.org/10.1016/s1474-4422(18)30024-3</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Birnkrant D.J., Bushby K., Bann C.M., Apkon S.D., Blackwell A., Brumbaugh D., et al. Diagnosis and management of Duchenne muscular dystrophy, part 1: diagnosis, and neuromuscular, rehabilitation, endocrine, and gastrointestinal and nutritional management. Lancet Neurol. 2018; 17(3): 251–67. https://doi.org/10.1016/s1474-4422(18)30024-3</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref></ref-list><fn-group><fn fn-type="conflict"><p>The authors declare that there are no conflicts of interest present.</p></fn></fn-group></back></article>
